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arXiv:2001.06352 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Application of adiabatic passage in Rydberg atomic ensembles for quantum information processing

Ilya I. Beterov, Denis B. Tretyakov, Vasily M. Entin, Elena A. Yakshina, I. I. Ryabtsev, Mark E. Saffman, S. Bergamini

Published Apr 6, 2020• 34 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using adiabatic rapid passage and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems. We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms. We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and Förster resonances in Rydberg atoms.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ab8719

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Abstract We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using adiabatic rapid passage and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems. We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms. We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and Förster resonances in Rydberg atoms.
We present schemes for geometric phase compensation in an adiabatic passage which can be used for the implementation of quantum logic gates with atomic ensembles consisting of an arbitrary number of strongly interacting atoms. Protocols using double sequences of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) or adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulses are analyzed. Switching the sign of the detuning between two STIRAP sequences, or inverting the phase between two ARP pulses, provides state transfer with well-defined amplitude and phase independent of atom number in the Rydberg blockade regime. Using these pulse sequences we present protocols for universal single-qubit and two-qubit operations in atomic ensembles containing an unknown number of atoms.
We have studied the regimes of deterministic single-atom Rydberg excitation in the conditions of Rydberg blockade and the methods of compensation for the dynamic phase of the wave function during the adiabatic passage. Using these methods, we have proposed schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit quantum states with mesoscopic atomic ensembles containing a random number of atoms, considred as quibits. The double adiabatic passage of the Förster resonance for two interacting atoms with a deterministic phase shift can be used for the implementation of two-qubit gates with reduced sensitivity of the gate fidelity to the fluctuations of the interatomic distance.
We present schemes for geometric phase compensation in adiabatic passage which can be used for implementation of quantum logic gates with atomic ensembles consisting of an arbitrary number of strongly interacting atoms. Protocols using double sequences of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) or adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulses are analyzed. Switching the sign of the detuning between two STIRAP sequences, or inverting the phase between two ARP pulses, provides state transfer with well defined amplitude and phase independent of atom number in the Rydberg blockade regime. Using these pulse sequences we present protocols for universal single-qubit and two-qubit operations in atomic ensembles containing an unknown number of atoms.
In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
Rydberg atoms based mesoscopic CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN gate using STIRAP
Schemes for implementation of CNOT gates in atomic ensembles are important for realization of quantum computing. Here, a theoretical scheme for a CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN gate implemented on a target ensemble of N, Λ\LambdaΛ three-level Rydberg atoms and a single Rydberg atom as a control using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) is presented. We work in the Rydberg blockade regime for the ensemble atoms induced due to excitation of the control atom to a high lying Rydberg level. It is shown that using STIRAP, atoms from one ground state of the ensemble can be adiabatically transferred to the other ground state, depending on the state of the control atom, with high fidelity. A thorough analysis of adiabatic conditions for this scheme and the influence of radiative decay from the excited Rydberg levels is provided. We show that the CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN process is immune to the decay rate of the excited level in ensemble atoms.
Abstract We have numerically simulated quantum tomography of single-qubit and two-qubit quantum gates with qubits represented by mesoscopic ensembles containing random numbers of atoms. Such ensembles of strongly interacting atoms in the regime of Rydberg blockade are known as Rydberg superatoms. The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the regime of Rydberg blockade is used for determining Rydberg excitation in the ensemble, required for the storage of quantum information in the collective state of the atomic ensemble and implementation of two-qubit gates. The optimized shapes of the STIRAP pulses are used to achieve high fidelity of the population transfer. Our simulations confirm the validity and high fidelity of single-qubit and two-qubit gates with Rydberg superatoms.