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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Adiabatic passage for quantum gates in mesoscopic atomic ensembles

Ilya I. Beterov, Mark E. Saffman, Elena A. Yakshina, В. П. Жуков, Denis B. Tretyakov, Vasily M. Entin, I. I. Ryabtsev, Christopher Mansell, C. MacCormick, S. Bergamini, М. П. Федорук

Published Dec 5, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present schemes for geometric phase compensation in adiabatic passage which can be used for implementation of quantum logic gates with atomic ensembles consisting of an arbitrary number of strongly interacting atoms. Protocols using double sequences of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) or adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulses are analyzed. Switching the sign of the detuning between two STIRAP sequences, or inverting the phase between two ARP pulses, provides state transfer with well defined amplitude and phase independent of atom number in the Rydberg blockade regime. Using these pulse sequences we present protocols for universal single-qubit and two-qubit operations in atomic ensembles containing an unknown number of atoms.

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We present schemes for geometric phase compensation in adiabatic passage which can be used for implementation of quantum logic gates with atomic ensembles consisting of an arbitrary number of strongly interacting atoms. Protocols using double sequences of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) or adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulses are analyzed. Switching the sign of the detuning between two STIRAP sequences, or inverting the phase between two ARP pulses, provides state transfer with well defined amplitude and phase independent of atom number in the Rydberg blockade regime. Using these pulse sequences we present protocols for universal single-qubit and two-qubit operations in atomic ensembles containing an unknown number of atoms.
We present schemes for geometric phase compensation in an adiabatic passage which can be used for the implementation of quantum logic gates with atomic ensembles consisting of an arbitrary number of strongly interacting atoms. Protocols using double sequences of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) or adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulses are analyzed. Switching the sign of the detuning between two STIRAP sequences, or inverting the phase between two ARP pulses, provides state transfer with well-defined amplitude and phase independent of atom number in the Rydberg blockade regime. Using these pulse sequences we present protocols for universal single-qubit and two-qubit operations in atomic ensembles containing an unknown number of atoms.
Abstract We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using adiabatic rapid passage and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems. We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms. We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and Förster resonances in Rydberg atoms.
Adiabatic geometric phase gates offer enhanced robustness against fluctuations compared to con- ventional Rydberg blockade-based phase gates that rely on dynamical phase accumulation. We theoretically demonstrate two- and multi-qubit phase gates in a neutral atom architecture, relying on a double stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (double-STIRAP) pulse sequence that imprints a controllable geometric phase on the qubit systems. The system is designed in such a way that every atom is individually addressable, and moreover, no extra laser is required to be applied on the target atom while scaling up the system from two- to multi-qubit quantum gates. The gate fidelity has been numerically analyzed by changing the gate operation time, and we find that 98% to 99% fidelity can be achieved for gate time ≃\simeq≃ 0.6 μμμs. We perform a systematic error analysis, which re- veals that our proposed gates can exhibit strong resilience against fluctuations in Rabi frequencies, finite blockade strength, and atomic position variations. These results establish our approach as a physically feasible and scalable pathway toward fault-tolerant quantum computation with neutral atoms. We simulate Grover's search algorithm for two-, three-, and four-qubit systems with high success probability and thereby demonstrate the utility and scalability of our proposed gates for quantum computation.
We have studied the regimes of deterministic single-atom Rydberg excitation in the conditions of Rydberg blockade and the methods of compensation for the dynamic phase of the wave function during the adiabatic passage. Using these methods, we have proposed schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit quantum states with mesoscopic atomic ensembles containing a random number of atoms, considred as quibits. The double adiabatic passage of the Förster resonance for two interacting atoms with a deterministic phase shift can be used for the implementation of two-qubit gates with reduced sensitivity of the gate fidelity to the fluctuations of the interatomic distance.
Rydberg atoms based mesoscopic CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN gate using STIRAP
Schemes for implementation of CNOT gates in atomic ensembles are important for realization of quantum computing. Here, a theoretical scheme for a CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN gate implemented on a target ensemble of N, Λ\LambdaΛ three-level Rydberg atoms and a single Rydberg atom as a control using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) is presented. We work in the Rydberg blockade regime for the ensemble atoms induced due to excitation of the control atom to a high lying Rydberg level. It is shown that using STIRAP, atoms from one ground state of the ensemble can be adiabatically transferred to the other ground state, depending on the state of the control atom, with high fidelity. A thorough analysis of adiabatic conditions for this scheme and the influence of radiative decay from the excited Rydberg levels is provided. We show that the CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN process is immune to the decay rate of the excited level in ensemble atoms.