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Applied Physics Letters

Modulated optical phase conjugation in rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass saturable absorber thin films

Ramesh C. Sharma, Thomas Andrew Waigh, Jagdish P. Singh

Published Mar 10, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The optical phase conjugation signal in nearly nondegenerate four wave mixing was studied using a rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass saturable absorber nonlinear medium. We have demonstrated a narrow band optical filter (2.56±0.15Hz) using an optical phase conjugation signal in the frequency modulation of a weak probe beam in the presence of two strong counterpropagating pump beams in rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass thin films (10−4m). Both the pump beams and the probe beam are at a wavelength of 488nm (continuous-wave Ar+ laser). The probe beam frequency was detuned with a ramp signal using a piezoelectric transducer mirror.

DOI
10.1063/1.2897307

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The optical phase conjugation signal in nearly nondegenerate four wave mixing was studied using a rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass saturable absorber nonlinear medium. We have demonstrated a narrow band optical filter (2.56±0.15Hz) using an optical phase conjugation signal in the frequency modulation of a weak probe beam in the presence of two strong counterpropagating pump beams in rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass thin films (10−4m). Both the pump beams and the probe beam are at a wavelength of 488nm (continuous-wave Ar+ laser). The probe beam frequency was detuned with a ramp signal using a piezoelectric transducer mirror.
We report the energy-transfer efficiency in a saturable absorber nonlinear media by two-coherent-wave coupling using the Doppler shift. Intensity-dependent nondegenerate two-beam coupling has been studied in Rhodamine 110-doped boric acid glass films. Two beams have been described in the limit of a weak probe and a relatively strong pump at the wavelength 488 nm from a continuous-wave Ar+ laser. The results have been interpreted in terms of the four-level description of a saturable absorber. We obtained good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results. Estimated values of the nonlinear parameters such as the saturation intensity, refractive index, and the response time of the optical nonlinearity have been obtained at different pump beam intensities for the first time, to our knowledge, in the Rhodamine 110-doped film.
Studies on optical phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in aqueous rhodamine 6G solutions and in rhodamine 6G embedded in polyvinyl alcohol thin films are presented. The experiments were performed at 532 nm using picosecond pulses. Strong nonlinearities were observed in both media for three different polarization configurations of the incoming beams. The time dependence of the signals was also studied and was similar in both media. The decay kinetics in each case reflects the competition between two different processes: a fast one related to the relaxation of the anisotropic absorption and a slower one associated with the decay of the stable S1 state.
Optical phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing is observed in 4-[4-(Dimethylamino)styryl]-1-docosyl pyridinium bromide (DASPB) dye-doped in Polymethyl methacrylate - metacrylic acid (PMMA-PA) polymer films under low-power, continuous-wave laser irradiation. A maximum phase conjugate efficiency of 0.42% has been obtained for probe beam intensity at 2.5 W/cm2. Phase conjugation is observed for both parallel- and orthogonally-polarized probe and pump beams. The maximum PC reflectivity is achieved when the angle between probe beam and forward pump beam is 8 degrees. The effects of dye concentration, inter beam angle between probe and forward pump beam on phase conjugation reflectivity are also studied. PC signal strength first increases and then decreases with time. PC reflectivity is also increased by increasing the intensity of the backward and forward pump beam. The polarization and intensity profile are verified to be preserved in the conjugate signal. The predominant phase conjugation signal is attributed due to the saturable absorption and two photon induced fluorescence property of the dye molecules.
The temporal evolution of optical nonlinearities is an important element in the choice of materials suitable for applications such as optical switches, real-time optical correlators, and optical memories. In this paper, we report a study of the nonlinear optical properties of a (1) saturable absorber (rhodamine 6G) in solution (water and methanol) and also embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix and (2) a thin film of glass doped with CdSxSe1-x microcrystallites. The temporal response of the phase-conjugate signal obtained by degenerate four-wave mixing, as well as the dynamic of higher-order resonant signals have been investigated by means of a frequency-doubled picosecond Nd:YAG laser. Intensity-dependent relaxation times have been found for some materials. Merit figures (defined as the ratio between the nonlinear susceptibility and its relaxation time) of these media have been considered for different polarization configurations. Physical mechanisms involved in the grating relaxation for these different media will be discussed.
We have developed a theory for nondegenerate oscillations in optical resonators containing an intracavity phase-conjugate element. The phase-conjugate element consists of a nonlinear transparent medium that is pumped externally by a pair of counterpropagating laser beams of the same frequency and intensity. Phase conjugation of an input beam of slightly different frequency occurs because of nondegenerate four-wave mixing. The theory takes into account linear absorption (or gain) in the medium and is applied to study the threshold behavior of phase-conjugate oscillators. For the special case of no conventional mirrors, the phase-conjugate oscillator reduces to an ordinary phase-conjugate mirror, and our general formulation yields the results of previous studies. Our analysis shows that the parametric gain required for oscillation increases (or decreases) as a result of linear absorption (or gain) in the medium, and oscillation can occur at a frequency different from that of the pump beams in the presence of large linear gain (or loss). The effects of linear absorption (or gain) on the filter operation are also examined.