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Canadian Journal of Physics

Optical phase conjugation in aqueous rhodamine 6G solutions and in rhodamine 6G embedded in polyvinyl alcohol films

Claire O'neill, Valérie Blanchet, Marguerite-Marie Denariez, Pierre Galarneau

Published Sep 1, 1993• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Studies on optical phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in aqueous rhodamine 6G solutions and in rhodamine 6G embedded in polyvinyl alcohol thin films are presented. The experiments were performed at 532 nm using picosecond pulses. Strong nonlinearities were observed in both media for three different polarization configurations of the incoming beams. The time dependence of the signals was also studied and was similar in both media. The decay kinetics in each case reflects the competition between two different processes: a fast one related to the relaxation of the anisotropic absorption and a slower one associated with the decay of the stable S1 state.

DOI
10.1139/p93-069

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Studies on optical phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in aqueous rhodamine 6G solutions and in rhodamine 6G embedded in polyvinyl alcohol thin films are presented. The experiments were performed at 532 nm using picosecond pulses. Strong nonlinearities were observed in both media for three different polarization configurations of the incoming beams. The time dependence of the signals was also studied and was similar in both media. The decay kinetics in each case reflects the competition between two different processes: a fast one related to the relaxation of the anisotropic absorption and a slower one associated with the decay of the stable S1 state.
The temporal evolution of optical nonlinearities is an important element in the choice of materials suitable for applications such as optical switches, real-time optical correlators, and optical memories. In this paper, we report a study of the nonlinear optical properties of a (1) saturable absorber (rhodamine 6G) in solution (water and methanol) and also embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix and (2) a thin film of glass doped with CdSxSe1-x microcrystallites. The temporal response of the phase-conjugate signal obtained by degenerate four-wave mixing, as well as the dynamic of higher-order resonant signals have been investigated by means of a frequency-doubled picosecond Nd:YAG laser. Intensity-dependent relaxation times have been found for some materials. Merit figures (defined as the ratio between the nonlinear susceptibility and its relaxation time) of these media have been considered for different polarization configurations. Physical mechanisms involved in the grating relaxation for these different media will be discussed.
Studies on low power optical phase conjugation (OPC) in three saturable dyes, viz., eosin, erythrosin B, and rose bengal, embedded in two polymer films, viz., gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, are presented. Experiments are performed using the 514.5 nm line of an argon-ion laser. Saturation intensities are determined from the transmission versus intensity plots, and triplet lifetimes are estimated from the phosphorescence decay curves. OPC experiments are performed, and the variation of OPC reflectivity with intensity and absorption length is studied. Experimental results are compared with the theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in absorbing media proposed by R. L. Abrams and R. C. Lind [Opt. Lett. 2(4), 94 (1 978)]. There is fair agreement between the theory and the experimental observations. The limitations in using these films for cw OPC applications are briefly discussed.
The properties of phase conjugate (PC) beams generated by an erythrosin/polyvinyl alcohol film are briefly reviewed along with demonstrations of PC interferometries, and an experimental study of the time dependence of the phase difference between saturable absorption and holographic components of the PC signal is reported. The results show that the phase difference between two components of PC signals changed temporally with a period of about nine minutes and reached 110 deg five minutes after the initiation of degenerate four-wave mixing at the pump beam intensity of 1 W/sq cm.
The optical phase conjugation signal in nearly nondegenerate four wave mixing was studied using a rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass saturable absorber nonlinear medium. We have demonstrated a narrow band optical filter (2.56±0.15Hz) using an optical phase conjugation signal in the frequency modulation of a weak probe beam in the presence of two strong counterpropagating pump beams in rhodamine 110 doped boric acid glass thin films (10−4m). Both the pump beams and the probe beam are at a wavelength of 488nm (continuous-wave Ar+ laser). The probe beam frequency was detuned with a ramp signal using a piezoelectric transducer mirror.