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Optical Engineering

Optical phase conjugation in dyes embedded in polymer films

K. P. B. Moosad, Tabish Rasheed, Vadakkedathu P. N. Nampoori

Published Jan 1, 1990• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Studies on low power optical phase conjugation (OPC) in three saturable dyes, viz., eosin, erythrosin B, and rose bengal, embedded in two polymer films, viz., gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, are presented. Experiments are performed using the 514.5 nm line of an argon-ion laser. Saturation intensities are determined from the transmission versus intensity plots, and triplet lifetimes are estimated from the phosphorescence decay curves. OPC experiments are performed, and the variation of OPC reflectivity with intensity and absorption length is studied. Experimental results are compared with the theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in absorbing media proposed by R. L. Abrams and R. C. Lind [Opt. Lett. 2(4), 94 (1 978)]. There is fair agreement between the theory and the experimental observations. The limitations in using these films for cw OPC applications are briefly discussed.

DOI
10.1117/1.2168737

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Low power optical phase conjugation in dyes embedded in polyvinyl alcohol films

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Polarization dependence of phase-conjugate reflectivity by degenerate four-wave mixing is clarified theoretically and experimentally in a saturable-dye-doped polymer film. 1. _INTRODUCTLON A dyedoped film in which optically anisotropic saturable dye molecules are rigidly fixed and are randomly oriented has been used as a nonlinear material which can generate a phase-conjugate (PC) wave by degenerate four-wave mixing13 (DFWM). Such a film can generate a PC wave which has the same polarization state as the probe wave even for a probe wave orthogonally polarized to two pump waves. Tompkin et. al. 4 showed that in such a phase conjugator the nearly perfect vectorial phase conjugation can be obtained at the pump intensity near the saturation intensity of the phase conjugator. In this work following the analysis of Tompkin et. al. 4 closed-form solutions for the PC reflectivities in the dye-doped film are derived for two states of the polarization: the probe wave is polarized parallel and perpendicular to the pump waves. Some experimental results are also demonstrated in an eosin-Y-doped poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) film and are compared with the theoretical results. 2. POLARIZATION DEPENDENT PC REFLECTIVITIES Dye molecules are modeled as dipoles which are randomly and uniformly oriented and are rigidly fixed in a solid matrix. We assume that each dye molecule has only one component of transition dipole moments at a wavelength considered5. An induced dipole moment of each dye molecule by

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jul 1, 1990•5 citations
Studies on low power optical phase conjugation (OPC) in three saturable dyes, viz., eosin, erythrosin B, and rose bengal, embedded in two polymer films, viz., gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, are presented. Experiments are performed using the 514.5 nm line of an argon-ion laser. Saturation intensities are determined from the transmission versus intensity plots, and triplet lifetimes are estimated from the phosphorescence decay curves. OPC experiments are performed, and the variation of OPC reflectivity with intensity and absorption length is studied. Experimental results are compared with the theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in absorbing media proposed by R. L. Abrams and R. C. Lind [Opt. Lett. 2(4), 94 (1 978)]. There is fair agreement between the theory and the experimental observations. The limitations in using these films for cw OPC applications are briefly discussed.
We report on the observation of optical phase-conjugation (OPC) in Acid blue 9 dye-doped gelatin film using a low-power continuous-wave (He–Ne, 633 nm, 35 mW) laser by the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method. The intensity of the phase-conjugate signal was measured as a function of time of exposure. The phase-conjugate signal contributions from induced transmission and reflection gratings were measured. The fringe spacing (Λ) of the transmission and reflection gratings formed in the Acid blue 9 dye film were calculated as 5.12 and 0.32 µm respectively.
The properties of phase conjugate (PC) beams generated by an erythrosin/polyvinyl alcohol film are briefly reviewed along with demonstrations of PC interferometries, and an experimental study of the time dependence of the phase difference between saturable absorption and holographic components of the PC signal is reported. The results show that the phase difference between two components of PC signals changed temporally with a period of about nine minutes and reached 110 deg five minutes after the initiation of degenerate four-wave mixing at the pump beam intensity of 1 W/sq cm.
Optical Phase-Conjugation (OPC) has been observed in Methyl Green (MG) dye sensitized gelatin films in Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) configuration at 633 nm radiation from a He-Ne laser of total power 35 mW.The mechanism of Phase-Conjugate (PC) wave generation associated with this dye-doped system was discussed.The dependence of the PC wave generation on the incident angle between the forward-pump and the probe beams and time of evolution were also studied.A maximum phase-conjugate beam reflectivity of about 0.13% has been observed in this dye-doped gelatin films.
Studies on optical phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in aqueous rhodamine 6G solutions and in rhodamine 6G embedded in polyvinyl alcohol thin films are presented. The experiments were performed at 532 nm using picosecond pulses. Strong nonlinearities were observed in both media for three different polarization configurations of the incoming beams. The time dependence of the signals was also studied and was similar in both media. The decay kinetics in each case reflects the competition between two different processes: a fast one related to the relaxation of the anisotropic absorption and a slower one associated with the decay of the stable S1 state.
Polarization dependence of phase-conjugate reflectivity by degenerate four-wave mixing is clarified theoretically and experimentally in a saturable-dye-doped polymer film. 1. _INTRODUCTLON A dyedoped film in which optically anisotropic saturable dye molecules are rigidly fixed and are randomly oriented has been used as a nonlinear material which can generate a phase-conjugate (PC) wave by degenerate four-wave mixing13 (DFWM). Such a film can generate a PC wave which has the same polarization state as the probe wave even for a probe wave orthogonally polarized to two pump waves. Tompkin et. al. 4 showed that in such a phase conjugator the nearly perfect vectorial phase conjugation can be obtained at the pump intensity near the saturation intensity of the phase conjugator. In this work following the analysis of Tompkin et. al. 4 closed-form solutions for the PC reflectivities in the dye-doped film are derived for two states of the polarization: the probe wave is polarized parallel and perpendicular to the pump waves. Some experimental results are also demonstrated in an eosin-Y-doped poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) film and are compared with the theoretical results. 2. POLARIZATION DEPENDENT PC REFLECTIVITIES Dye molecules are modeled as dipoles which are randomly and uniformly oriented and are rigidly fixed in a solid matrix. We assume that each dye molecule has only one component of transition dipole moments at a wavelength considered5. An induced dipole moment of each dye molecule by