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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Phase-conjugate interferometry by using dye-doped polymer films

Kazuo Nakagawa, Chikara Egami, Takayoshi Suzuki, Hirofumi Fujiwara

Published Jan 1, 1991• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The properties of phase conjugate (PC) beams generated by an erythrosin/polyvinyl alcohol film are briefly reviewed along with demonstrations of PC interferometries, and an experimental study of the time dependence of the phase difference between saturable absorption and holographic components of the PC signal is reported. The results show that the phase difference between two components of PC signals changed temporally with a period of about nine minutes and reached 110 deg five minutes after the initiation of degenerate four-wave mixing at the pump beam intensity of 1 W/sq cm.

DOI
10.1117/12.51076

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jan 1, 1987•0 citations
The properties of phase conjugate (PC) beams generated by an erythrosin/polyvinyl alcohol film are briefly reviewed along with demonstrations of PC interferometries, and an experimental study of the time dependence of the phase difference between saturable absorption and holographic components of the PC signal is reported. The results show that the phase difference between two components of PC signals changed temporally with a period of about nine minutes and reached 110 deg five minutes after the initiation of degenerate four-wave mixing at the pump beam intensity of 1 W/sq cm.
Studies on low power optical phase conjugation (OPC) in three saturable dyes, viz., eosin, erythrosin B, and rose bengal, embedded in two polymer films, viz., gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, are presented. Experiments are performed using the 514.5 nm line of an argon-ion laser. Saturation intensities are determined from the transmission versus intensity plots, and triplet lifetimes are estimated from the phosphorescence decay curves. OPC experiments are performed, and the variation of OPC reflectivity with intensity and absorption length is studied. Experimental results are compared with the theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in absorbing media proposed by R. L. Abrams and R. C. Lind [Opt. Lett. 2(4), 94 (1 978)]. There is fair agreement between the theory and the experimental observations. The limitations in using these films for cw OPC applications are briefly discussed.
Optical phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing is observed in 4-[4-(Dimethylamino)styryl]-1-docosyl pyridinium bromide (DASPB) dye-doped in Polymethyl methacrylate - metacrylic acid (PMMA-PA) polymer films under low-power, continuous-wave laser irradiation. A maximum phase conjugate efficiency of 0.42% has been obtained for probe beam intensity at 2.5 W/cm2. Phase conjugation is observed for both parallel- and orthogonally-polarized probe and pump beams. The maximum PC reflectivity is achieved when the angle between probe beam and forward pump beam is 8 degrees. The effects of dye concentration, inter beam angle between probe and forward pump beam on phase conjugation reflectivity are also studied. PC signal strength first increases and then decreases with time. PC reflectivity is also increased by increasing the intensity of the backward and forward pump beam. The polarization and intensity profile are verified to be preserved in the conjugate signal. The predominant phase conjugation signal is attributed due to the saturable absorption and two photon induced fluorescence property of the dye molecules.
Polarization dependence of phase-conjugate reflectivity by degenerate four-wave mixing is clarified theoretically and experimentally in a saturable-dye-doped polymer film. 1. _INTRODUCTLON A dyedoped film in which optically anisotropic saturable dye molecules are rigidly fixed and are randomly oriented has been used as a nonlinear material which can generate a phase-conjugate (PC) wave by degenerate four-wave mixing13 (DFWM). Such a film can generate a PC wave which has the same polarization state as the probe wave even for a probe wave orthogonally polarized to two pump waves. Tompkin et. al. 4 showed that in such a phase conjugator the nearly perfect vectorial phase conjugation can be obtained at the pump intensity near the saturation intensity of the phase conjugator. In this work following the analysis of Tompkin et. al. 4 closed-form solutions for the PC reflectivities in the dye-doped film are derived for two states of the polarization: the probe wave is polarized parallel and perpendicular to the pump waves. Some experimental results are also demonstrated in an eosin-Y-doped poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) film and are compared with the theoretical results. 2. POLARIZATION DEPENDENT PC REFLECTIVITIES Dye molecules are modeled as dipoles which are randomly and uniformly oriented and are rigidly fixed in a solid matrix. We assume that each dye molecule has only one component of transition dipole moments at a wavelength considered5. An induced dipole moment of each dye molecule by
The properties of polarization-dependent phase-conjugate (PC) reflectivities by degenerate four-wave mixing in saturable-dye-doped films are investigated on the basis of a four-level model including an excited-state absorption. Numerical calculations are carried out by taking account of the effect of molecular orientation as well as of pump propagation under the assumption that optically anisotropic dye molecules are rigidly fixed in a solid matrix without any positional and orientational order, in which a PC wave can be generated even in the case of a probe wave perpendicularly polarized to pump waves. Two cases of the polarization state are employed, where the polarization direction of the probe wave is either parallel or perpendicular to that of the parallel linearly polarized pump waves. Numerically calculating the PC reflectivities as a function of the pump intensity, we show how the polarization properties of the PC-reflectivity curves depend on saturation parameters, and clarify the influences of the molecular orientational and the pump propagation effect. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results obtained by using eosin-Y-doped polyvinyl alcohol films as saturable absorbers.
Optical Phase-Conjugation (OPC) has been observed in Methyl Green (MG) dye sensitized gelatin films in Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) configuration at 633 nm radiation from a He-Ne laser of total power 35 mW.The mechanism of Phase-Conjugate (PC) wave generation associated with this dye-doped system was discussed.The dependence of the PC wave generation on the incident angle between the forward-pump and the probe beams and time of evolution were also studied.A maximum phase-conjugate beam reflectivity of about 0.13% has been observed in this dye-doped gelatin films.
With a conventional degenerate four-wave mixing (um) configuration, the gelatin film containing fluorescein, erythrosin or eosin produces the phase conjugate CPC1 wave by not only the DFWM process but also the holographic process at the intensity of lower than 0.5 w/cm2 of light emitted by a cw Arion laser1). The holographic process differs from the DFWMprocess in the respect that light incident on a dye-doped film induces permanent photochemical changes in the absorption and/or the refractive index. The distinction between the two process is more clearly brought out in the response time of the PC wave by each process: the DFWM component with a fast response time of the order of milliseconds and the holographic component with a slow response time of the order of minutes2),3) Our aim is to demonstrate that a gelatin film containing methylreds can generate the PC wave only by the DFWM process, but a PMMA film containing methylreds can generate the PC waves by the DFWM and holographic processes.