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Advanced Photonics

Optical control of the Faraday Effect in a Slow-light Medium

Paul Siddons, Lee Weller, Charles S. Adams, Ifan G. Hughes

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate modified Faraday polarization rotation of an optical field controlled by a pump beam in hot rubidium vapour. Induced rotations of greater than π/2 rad are seen with a transmission of 95%.
DOI
10.1364/sl.2011.slmb3

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We demonstrate controlled polarization rotation of an optical field conditional on the presence of a second field. Induced rotations of greater than $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ rad are seen with a transmission of 9595%95, corresponding to a ratio of phase shift to absorption of $40\ensuremath{\pi}$. This combination of large, controlled rotation and low loss is well suited for the manipulation of light pulses.
Faraday polarization rotation control of 1529 nm wavelength has been obtained using the 5S1/2→5P3/2→4D5/2 transition of rubidium. The traditional off-resonant polarization rotation method commonly used in the Faraday effect for direct transitions of atoms is not applicable to the transitions between excited states. In this study, we proposed a near-resonant polarization rotation method using the Faraday effect between excited states of atoms, by which the polarization rotation of the rubidium 5P3/2→4D5/2 transition can be controlled from 0° to 90° with low distortion. The 780 nm pump light corresponding to the 5S1/2→5P3/2 transition can also be used simultaneously as a control source to manipulate the polarization state of the 1529 nm optical signal.
We report on experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear Faraday effect under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency at the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. These transitions realize the inverted YYY model which combines the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and ladder systems. Strong nonlinearity allowing for large rotation angles of a probe beam tuned to the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ transition was obtained by creation of quantum superpositions of magnetic sublevels (Zeeman coherences) in the rubidium ground state ($\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme). Additionally, electromagnetically induced transparency was accomplished in a ladder scheme by acting with a second strong coupling laser on the $P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D$ transition. Under conditions of a two-photon resonance the rotation was significantly reduced, which is interpreted as a competition between the coherent processes. The effect was observed in sub-Gauss magnetic fields and could be used for efficient coherent control of generation of the ground-state coherences, e.g., for controlling the polarization state of the probe light.
The speed of light is medium-dependent, and when the properties of the medium can be chosen---as in a photonic crystal---light can be slowed to the point where it can be ``stored'' or handily manipulated. The authors use a $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c$ crystal to harness the Faraday effect, and realize $t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e-r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$ rotation of the polarization of a single femtosecond laser pulse. This achievement bodes well for photonic applications such as spatial light modulators, and holographic memory for optical computing.