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Physical Review Applied

Ultrafast Faraday Rotation of Slow Light

A. I. Musorin, Margarita I. Sharipova, T. V. Dolgova, M. Inoue, Andrey A. Fedyanin

Published Aug 18, 2016• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The speed of light is medium-dependent, and when the properties of the medium can be chosen---as in a photonic crystal---light can be slowed to the point where it can be ``stored'' or handily manipulated. The authors use a $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c$ crystal to harness the Faraday effect, and realize $t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e-r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$ rotation of the polarization of a single femtosecond laser pulse. This achievement bodes well for photonic applications such as spatial light modulators, and holographic memory for optical computing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.6.024012

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The speed of light is medium-dependent, and when the properties of the medium can be chosen---as in a photonic crystal---light can be slowed to the point where it can be ``stored'' or handily manipulated. The authors use a m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c crystal to harness the Faraday effect, and realize t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e-r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d rotation of the polarization of a single femtosecond laser pulse. This achievement bodes well for photonic applications such as spatial light modulators, and holographic memory for optical computing.
Light with different frequencies has different propagation speeds when propagating in a medium. Nonlinear optics indicates that the refractive index of the medium also varies with the intensity of light. In this article, we have discovered an anomalous slow light phenomenon that is independent of light intensity through multi-frame ultrafast imaging. The experimental results show that when coaxial 800-nm and 400-nm pulses simultaneously enter the quartz crystal, the time delay between the 800-nm and 400-nm laser pulses is up to 5 times the normal value calculated by the dispersion theory. Moreover, this delay is independent of the laser intensity, indicating that the anomalous slow light phenomenon does not originate from refractive index changes in nonlinear optics. This abnormal time delay effect may find more applications in different fields, and its physical mechanism still needs further exploration.
I n 1998, laser pulses were slowed [1] in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEe) [2] ofsodium to only 17 m/s, more than seven orders of magnitude lower than the speed of light in vacuum. Associated with the dramatic reduction factor for the light speed was a spatial compression of the pulses by the same large factor. A light pulse, which was more than 1 km long in vacuum, was compressed to a size of -50 flm, and at that point was completely contained within the condensate [1]. This allowed the light-slowing experiments to be brought to their ultimate extreme [3]: in the summer of 2000, light pulses were completely stopped, stored, and subsequently revived in an atomic medium, with millisecond storage times [4]. The initial ultra-slow light experiments spurred a flurry of slow light investigations, and slow or partially stopped light has now been observed in limited geometries in warm rubidium vapours [5-7], liquid-nitrogen cooled crystals [8], and recently in room temperature crystals [9]. Here, we begin with a discussion ofultra-slow and stopped light. We describe how cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates have been manipulated to generate media with extreme optical properties. While the initial experiments concentrated on the light propagation, we have recently begun a number of investigations of the effects that slow light has on the medium in which it propagates. Effects are profound because both the velocity and length scales associated with propagating light pulses have been brought down to match the characteristic velocity and length scales of the medium. With the most recent extension, the light roadblock [10], we have compressed light pulses to a length ofonly 2 f!ill. Here, we describe the use of ultra-compressed light pulses to probe superfluidity and the creation of quantized vortices in BEes through formation of'superfluid shock. waves'. We also present the observation of an ultra-slow-light-based, pulsed atom laser. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of slow and stopped light for manipulation of optical information, in particular in Bose-Einstein condensates that allow for phase coherent processing of three-dimensional, compressed patterns of stored optical information.