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Advances in Optical Sciences Congress

The Far Off-resonant Faraday Effect in a Slow-light Medium: a Gigahertz Bandwidth Probe

Paul Siddons, Charles S. Adams, Ifan G. Hughes

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The slow-light Faraday effect is the spectral displacement of the group index for opposite circular polarization for atoms in a magnetic field. We have demonstrated polarization rotation of a nanosecond pulse in Rb vapor.
DOI
10.1364/sl.2009.stub3

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Physical Review B•Apr 8, 2008•0 citations
Nonlinear in laser power, near-resonant light-atom interaction leads to a number of spectacular modifications of a well-known effect -polarization plane rotation in a magnetic field applied along the direction of light propagation.In particular, the rotation can be enhanced by up to nine orders of magnitude compared to the linear case.Faraday effect [ 1 ] is the rotation of the plane of linear light polarization by a medium in a magnetic field applied in the direction of light propagation.In 1898, Macaluso and Corbino eJ, studying absorption spectra of the alkali atoms in the presence of magnetic fields, discovered that the Faraday effect in the vicinity of resonance absorption lines also had a distinct resonant character.The essence of the Macaluso-Corbino effect can be illustrated by considering a simple case of a F= 1 ~ F'=O transition (Fig. 1 ).Linearly polarized light incident on the sample can be resolved into two counter-rotating circular components ( cr~.In the absence of a magnetic field, the M=±l sublevels are degenerate and the optical resonance
The Faraday rotation and ellipticity spectra of rubidium $5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4{D}_{5/2}$ transition in a magnetic field have been calculated and experimentally measured. By using the rotating quarter-wave plate method, the Stokes parameters of the $5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4{D}_{5/2}$ near-resonant probe light are measured to obtain the Faraday rotation and the ellipticity. The variation of the rotation and the ellipticity spectra is analyzed in different magnetic fields, temperatures, and pump powers. The polarization rotation over 50 deg in 1529 nm with negligible elliptical distortion is obtained. Our study of the Faraday effect between excited states of atoms broadens the available wavelength of the Faraday effect in applications.
When a gas of ultracold atoms is suddenly illuminated by light that is nearly resonant with an atomic transition, the atoms cannot respond instantaneously. This noninstantaneous response means the gas is initially more transparent to the applied light than in steady state. The timescale associated with the development of light absorption is set by the atomic excited-state lifetime. Similarly, the index of refraction in the gas also requires time to reach a steady-state value, but the development of the associated phase response is expected to be slower than absorption effects. Faraday rotation is one manifestation of differing indices of refraction for orthogonal circular light polarization components. We have performed experiments measuring the time-dependent development of polarization rotation in an ultracold gas subjected to a magnetic field. Our measurements match theoretical predictions based on solving optical Bloch equations. We are able to identify how parameters such as steady-state optical thickness and applied magnetic field strength influence the development of Faraday rotation.
We propose a dynamical model for description of the nonlinear Faraday rotation experienced by a short pulse propagating in a resonant medium subject to an ultra-strong static magnetic field. Under the assumptions of a sufficiently strong external magnetic field, such that the Zeeman splitting of the quantum system energy levels is large compared to the linewidth of the optical transitions involved and the bandwidth of the incident light, the light effectively interacts with a two-level system. Our numerical simulations show that the Faraday effect under these conditions is significantly distinctive from the one caused by weak to moderately strong magnetic field. Nonlinear coherent effects such as inhomogeneous polarization rotation along the pulse duration and an onset of a circularly polarized stimulated emission and coherent ringing have been demonstrated. Some views on the experimental observation of the predicted phenomena are given.