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arXiv:0912.1696 · Physical Review A

Optical control of Faraday rotation in hot Rb vapor

Paul Siddons, Charles S. Adams, Ifan G. Hughes

Published Apr 27, 2010• 35 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate controlled polarization rotation of an optical field conditional on the presence of a second field. Induced rotations of greater than $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ rad are seen with a transmission of $95%$, corresponding to a ratio of phase shift to absorption of $40\ensuremath{\pi}$. This combination of large, controlled rotation and low loss is well suited for the manipulation of light pulses.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.043838

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We demonstrate controlled polarization rotation of an optical field conditional on the presence of a second field. Induced rotations of greater than \ensuremathπ/2\ensuremath{\pi}/2\ensuremathπ/2 rad are seen with a transmission of 9595%95, corresponding to a ratio of phase shift to absorption of 40\ensuremathπ40\ensuremath{\pi}40\ensuremathπ. This combination of large, controlled rotation and low loss is well suited for the manipulation of light pulses.
We report on experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear Faraday effect under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency at the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. These transitions realize the inverted YYY model which combines the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and ladder systems. Strong nonlinearity allowing for large rotation angles of a probe beam tuned to the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ transition was obtained by creation of quantum superpositions of magnetic sublevels (Zeeman coherences) in the rubidium ground state ($\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme). Additionally, electromagnetically induced transparency was accomplished in a ladder scheme by acting with a second strong coupling laser on the $P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D$ transition. Under conditions of a two-photon resonance the rotation was significantly reduced, which is interpreted as a competition between the coherent processes. The effect was observed in sub-Gauss magnetic fields and could be used for efficient coherent control of generation of the ground-state coherences, e.g., for controlling the polarization state of the probe light.
Faraday polarization rotation control of 1529 nm wavelength has been obtained using the 5S1/2→5P3/2→4D5/2 transition of rubidium. The traditional off-resonant polarization rotation method commonly used in the Faraday effect for direct transitions of atoms is not applicable to the transitions between excited states. In this study, we proposed a near-resonant polarization rotation method using the Faraday effect between excited states of atoms, by which the polarization rotation of the rubidium 5P3/2→4D5/2 transition can be controlled from 0° to 90° with low distortion. The 780 nm pump light corresponding to the 5S1/2→5P3/2 transition can also be used simultaneously as a control source to manipulate the polarization state of the 1529 nm optical signal.
Abstract We investigate theoretically the control over Faraday rotation via an electromagnetically induced transparency medium (EIT) and graphene metasurfaces. The Faraday rotation of the light pulse is enhanced with increased probe field detuning. The increasing strength of the magnetic field enhances the rotation of the polarization plane and shifts its zero crossing at a higher frequency. The increase in the chemical potential rotates the polarization plane of the light pulse propagating through the system at low frequency. The periodic arrangement of disks on a graphene metasurface enhances the Faraday rotation of the light pulse and shifts the zero crossing relatively at a low frequency. The chemical potential, magnetic field and periodic length of disks can be used to control the Faraday rotation of light pulses at the desired frequency.
Paramagnetic Faraday rotation is a powerful technique for atom sensing widely used in quantum nondemolition measurements, fundamental symmetry tests, and other precision measurements. We demonstrate the use of a multipass optical cell for Faraday rotation spectroscopy and observe polarization rotation in excess of 100 rad from spin-polarized Rb vapor. Unlike optical cavities, multipass cells have a deterministic number of light passes and can be used to measure large optical rotations. We also observe a tenfold suppression of transverse spin relaxation when Rb atoms are placed in a coherent superposition state immune to spin-exchange collisions.