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Applied Physics Letters

Bistable lasing in twin microdisk photonic molecules

Satoru Ishii, Toshihiko Baba

Published Oct 21, 2005• 63 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate the bistable lasing in a photonic molecule consisting of twin microdisks. When the photonic molecule was nonuniformly photopumped, the bistability and/or mode switching were observed with an effective pump power of <100μW. The rate equation analysis indicated that the operation was based on saturable absorption and gain switching, which depended on the nonuniformity, disk diameter detuning, and Q factors of coupled modes. Such a bistable laser, particularly showing the mode switching, will be applied for ultrasmall high-speed optical memories, flip-flops, and so on.

DOI
10.1063/1.2120906

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We demonstrate extremely low-power all-optical bistability by utilizing silicon photonic crystal nanocavities, based on the plasma effect of carriers generated by two-photon absorption. Owing to the high quality factor and the small volume of the nanocavities, the photon density inside the cavity becomes extremely high, which leads to a large reduction in operation power. Optical bistable operation in a single nanocavity permits optical read-write memory operation, which opens the possibility of an integrated optical logic circuit on a single chip, based on photonic crystals. The demonstrated bistable threshold power is 0.4 mW with a set pulse energy of 74 fJ, at a switching speed of <100 ps.
Abstract Absorptive, dispersive and modal bistabilities are considered in semiconductor injection lasers. Previous work is briefly reviewed and the discussion is concerned with experimental work with transverse modal bistability in twin stripe injection lasers. A simple circuit analogy indicates how modal bistability can arise and how it is possible to have stronger light output on the side where the current drive is weakest. Experimental results are reviewed for an optical flip-flop with the use of twin-stripe lasers with three such lasers coupled together in an optical logic circuit. Various mode patterns that have been observed by using different geometries of twin-stripe lasers are discussed. Use is foreseen for active bistable devices in front-end optical signal processing.
In this paper, we discuss a possibility to realize the optical bistability in a rotating semiconductor micro-cavity system. To study the mean cavity photon number profile, we have obtained stationary solution by solving Heisenberg–Langevin equations of motion. In a rotating semiconductor micro-cavity system, bistability is observed when the cavity is driven externally in one direction but not the other direction. The bistable behavior is possible for strong coupling regime, and this can be controlled by hopping strength, decay rates and pump power. The photon profile also shows tunable zero intensity window. The system may be useful to design all-optical switch and optical flip–flop i.e., optical memory element, which would be faster in applications and compact in size.
We demonstrate extremely low-power all-optical bistability by using photonic crystal linear resonators based on InGaAsP quantum-wells. Since the photonic crystal cavity has a high quality-factor and a small mode-volume, the photon density in the cavity is extremely high, which makes it possible to reduce the bistable power. The measured minimum bistable threshold power was 37 muW by using a fiber coupling technique, and the estimated nonlinear refractive index (n2) was -6.84times10-14m2/W at a wavelength of 1610.8 nm which is near the resonant wavelength of quantum-well. The low-power optical bistable operations in a single photonic crystal cavity open the possibility of integrated optical devices such as an all-optical memory and switch, based on photonic crystals