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Optics Letters

Two-photon resonant upconversion in xenon

Yun Mui Yiu, Keith Bonin, Thomas J. Mcilrath

Published Jun 1, 1982• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent radiation at various VUV wavelengths, e.g., 125.9, 126.1, and 125.4 nm, has been generated through fourwave mixing processes enhanced by two-photon resonances in xenon. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10(-4) were achieved. Maximum output intensities of difference generation (2omega(1) - omega(2)) for 7p[0 (1/2)](0), 7p[1 (1/2)](2), and 6p' [1 (1/2)](2) resonant states occurred at xenon pressures of 24, 12.5, and 4 Torr, corresponding to values of phase mismatch per atom of 1.2 x 10(-18), 2.3 x 10(-18), and 7.1 x 10(-18) esu, respectively. Parametric generation at 117.0 nm through the 7s[1(1/2)](0)(1) state was also observed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.7.000268

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Resonant four‐wave mixing processes in xenon

Yun Mui Yiu, Keith Bonin, Thomas J. Mcilrath

Two‐photon resonantly enhanced four‐wave processes in xenon involving the intermediate states were utilized to generate coherent VUV radiation at several wavelengths between 125.9 nm and 101.8 nm. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10−4 were achieved. The use of these processes for producing tunable VUV output with Xe is given and generation of tunable VUV using two‐photon resonances in other rare gases is discussed.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1982•1 citation

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Coherent radiation at several wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been generated by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor. When a powerful ultraviolet pump laser of frequency omega(p) is tuned to a two-photon resonance, VUV signal photons at frequency omega(s), as well as idler photons at frequency omega(i), are generated such that omega(s) + omega(i) = 2omega(p). A frequency-doubled dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s6d(1)D(2) level near 280.3 nm produced output at 184.9 and 143.5 nm. A tunable krypton fluoride excimer laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s10s (1)S(0) level near 248.7 nm produced output at 140.1, 130.7, 130.1, 125.9, and 125.0 nm. Approximately 1-microJ, 200-W pulses were observed at 143.5 and 125.9 nm.

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Two-photon resonant, stimulated processes in krypton and xenon

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Both on-axis and conical emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and in the latter case, many p..-->..s, d..-->..p, and f..-->..d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, and parametric four-wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p..-->..s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring. 4 refs., 3 figs.

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TUNABLE VACUUM-ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION GENERATED BY TWO-PHTON RESONANTFOUR-WAVE DIFFERENCE MIXING IN Hg VAPOR

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Vacuum-ultra violet radiation is generated by 61S0-61D2 or 61S0-63D2 two photon resonant four-wave difference mixing (ω4=2ω1-ω3) in Hg vapor. VUV radiation is tunable when one of the input wave (ω3) is tuned, the tuning range is 184.9-187.5 nm. The mechanism of this frenquency conversion, for example, the two-photon and single-photon resonant enhancement and phase matching have been investigeted. The competing processes and saturation effect on conversion efficiency have been analyzed. Using the generated tunable VUV radiation, we have recorded the absorption spetrum of O2 in air.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 1990•0 citations

Constructive interference in four-photon resonantly enhanced six-wave mixing

Nandini Mukherjee

Enhancement of third-harmonic generation near four-photon resonance showed1 new possibilities for direct upconversion of visible or infrared light into VUV light. However, the observed efficiencies of the four-photon resonant six-wave mixing were low. Our theoretical analysis2 showed that the efficiency is limited because of a destructive interference between the two-photon resonant Raman process E2E3 and the four- photon resonant excitation E 1 4 as shown in Fig. 1(a).

•May 8, 1994•0 citations
Coherent radiation at various VUV wavelengths, e.g., 125.9, 126.1, and 125.4 nm, has been generated through fourwave mixing processes enhanced by two-photon resonances in xenon. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10(-4) were achieved. Maximum output intensities of difference generation (2omega(1) - omega(2)) for 7p0 (1/2), 7p1 (1/2), and 6p' 1 (1/2) resonant states occurred at xenon pressures of 24, 12.5, and 4 Torr, corresponding to values of phase mismatch per atom of 1.2 x 10(-18), 2.3 x 10(-18), and 7.1 x 10(-18) esu, respectively. Parametric generation at 117.0 nm through the 7s1(1/2)(1) state was also observed.
In recent experiments VUV radiation of high spectral brightness has been generated at around 155 nm by two-photon resonant four-wave mixing (difference-frequency generation) in xenon using narrow-bandwidth lasers in the visible and ultraviolet.1 Efficiencies of 0.25% have been achieved, but it was found that the process was heavily saturated. A major saturating process is believed to be single-photon ionization from the two-photon resonant state, 6p J = 0 (Fig. WKK4-1a). Further experiments to investigate the three-photon ionization are described. These experiments involved a detailed study of the ionization process.
Coherent radiation at several wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been generated by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor. When a powerful ultraviolet pump laser of frequency omega(p) is tuned to a two-photon resonance, VUV signal photons at frequency omega(s), as well as idler photons at frequency omega(i), are generated such that omega(s) + omega(i) = 2omega(p). A frequency-doubled dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s6d(1)D(2) level near 280.3 nm produced output at 184.9 and 143.5 nm. A tunable krypton fluoride excimer laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s10s (1)S(0) level near 248.7 nm produced output at 140.1, 130.7, 130.1, 125.9, and 125.0 nm. Approximately 1-microJ, 200-W pulses were observed at 143.5 and 125.9 nm.
Both on-axis and conical emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and in the latter case, many p..-->..s, d..-->..p, and f..-->..d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, and parametric four-wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p..-->..s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring. 4 refs., 3 figs.
Vacuum-ultra violet radiation is generated by 61S0-61D2 or 61S0-63D2 two photon resonant four-wave difference mixing (ω4=2ω1-ω3) in Hg vapor. VUV radiation is tunable when one of the input wave (ω3) is tuned, the tuning range is 184.9-187.5 nm. The mechanism of this frenquency conversion, for example, the two-photon and single-photon resonant enhancement and phase matching have been investigeted. The competing processes and saturation effect on conversion efficiency have been analyzed. Using the generated tunable VUV radiation, we have recorded the absorption spetrum of O2 in air.