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Laser-Induced Autoionization Studies in Xenon

Marcus H. R. Hutchinson, K. M. M. Ness

Published Jun 18, 1984• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In recent experiments VUV radiation of high spectral brightness has been generated at around 155 nm by two-photon resonant four-wave mixing (difference-frequency generation) in xenon using narrow-bandwidth lasers in the visible and ultraviolet.1 Efficiencies of 0.25% have been achieved, but it was found that the process was heavily saturated. A major saturating process is believed to be single-photon ionization from the two-photon resonant state, 6p J = 0 (Fig. WKK4-1a). Further experiments to investigate the three-photon ionization are described. These experiments involved a detailed study of the ionization process.

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In recent experiments VUV radiation of high spectral brightness has been generated at around 155 nm by two-photon resonant four-wave mixing (difference-frequency generation) in xenon using narrow-bandwidth lasers in the visible and ultraviolet.1 Efficiencies of 0.25% have been achieved, but it was found that the process was heavily saturated. A major saturating process is believed to be single-photon ionization from the two-photon resonant state, 6p J = 0 (Fig. WKK4-1a). Further experiments to investigate the three-photon ionization are described. These experiments involved a detailed study of the ionization process.
Coherent radiation at various VUV wavelengths, e.g., 125.9, 126.1, and 125.4 nm, has been generated through fourwave mixing processes enhanced by two-photon resonances in xenon. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10(-4) were achieved. Maximum output intensities of difference generation (2omega(1) - omega(2)) for 7p[0 (1/2)](0), 7p[1 (1/2)](2), and 6p' [1 (1/2)](2) resonant states occurred at xenon pressures of 24, 12.5, and 4 Torr, corresponding to values of phase mismatch per atom of 1.2 x 10(-18), 2.3 x 10(-18), and 7.1 x 10(-18) esu, respectively. Parametric generation at 117.0 nm through the 7s[1(1/2)](0)(1) state was also observed.
Coherent radiation at several wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been generated by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor. When a powerful ultraviolet pump laser of frequency omega(p) is tuned to a two-photon resonance, VUV signal photons at frequency omega(s), as well as idler photons at frequency omega(i), are generated such that omega(s) + omega(i) = 2omega(p). A frequency-doubled dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s6d(1)D(2) level near 280.3 nm produced output at 184.9 and 143.5 nm. A tunable krypton fluoride excimer laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s10s (1)S(0) level near 248.7 nm produced output at 140.1, 130.7, 130.1, 125.9, and 125.0 nm. Approximately 1-microJ, 200-W pulses were observed at 143.5 and 125.9 nm.
Efficient harmonic generation at laser-induced autoionizing state in continuum, were observed for the first time by our laboratory [1,2,3]. In this paper, nonlinear frequency mixing in alkali metal vapors at induced continuum structure in Na, are studied in detail. Besides, measurement of nonlinear optical susceptibility at induced autoionizing resonance, is performed. Tunable ultraviolet radiations by four-photon processes near induced resonances are obtained. Estimations of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinearities, are estimated. We will specially note, that the resonant photoabsorption of ions is experimentally investigated since it gives information about the autoionizing states, which is impossible to obtain on the base only of the emission spectra. We use also laser inducing for obtaining of powerful radiation source in VUV. Thus, many actual problems as the selective impact on matter, laser photochemistry and laser isotope separation are connected directly with the induced autoionizing nonlinear resonances. The main interest is to control the spectral characteristics of continuum. The discrete level from the continuum structure leads to appearance of asymmetrical autoionizing resonance onto the background of the broad-band absorption line.
High-power tunable VUV light pulses with energies up to 0.7 μJ were generated in the 115.7–116.9-nm region by use of a two-photon resonant four-wave mixing scheme in a Xe–Ar gas mixture. This is the highest reported pulse energy that has been produced in this wavelength region using a four-wave mixing process. Efficient detection of krypton isotopes at densities as low as 10 atoms/cm3 was demonstrated by resonantly ionizing the atom through its one-photon allowed state at the vacuum wavelength of 116.49 nm.