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AIP conference proceedings

Resonant four‐wave mixing processes in xenon

Yun Mui Yiu, Keith Bonin, Thomas J. Mcilrath

Published Jan 1, 1982• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Two‐photon resonantly enhanced four‐wave processes in xenon involving the intermediate states were utilized to generate coherent VUV radiation at several wavelengths between 125.9 nm and 101.8 nm. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10−4 were achieved. The use of these processes for producing tunable VUV output with Xe is given and generation of tunable VUV using two‐photon resonances in other rare gases is discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.33747

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Two‐photon resonantly enhanced four‐wave processes in xenon involving the intermediate states were utilized to generate coherent VUV radiation at several wavelengths between 125.9 nm and 101.8 nm. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10−4 were achieved. The use of these processes for producing tunable VUV output with Xe is given and generation of tunable VUV using two‐photon resonances in other rare gases is discussed.
Coherent radiation at various VUV wavelengths, e.g., 125.9, 126.1, and 125.4 nm, has been generated through fourwave mixing processes enhanced by two-photon resonances in xenon. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10(-4) were achieved. Maximum output intensities of difference generation (2omega(1) - omega(2)) for 7p[0 (1/2)](0), 7p[1 (1/2)](2), and 6p' [1 (1/2)](2) resonant states occurred at xenon pressures of 24, 12.5, and 4 Torr, corresponding to values of phase mismatch per atom of 1.2 x 10(-18), 2.3 x 10(-18), and 7.1 x 10(-18) esu, respectively. Parametric generation at 117.0 nm through the 7s[1(1/2)](0)(1) state was also observed.
In recent experiments VUV radiation of high spectral brightness has been generated at around 155 nm by two-photon resonant four-wave mixing (difference-frequency generation) in xenon using narrow-bandwidth lasers in the visible and ultraviolet.1 Efficiencies of 0.25% have been achieved, but it was found that the process was heavily saturated. A major saturating process is believed to be single-photon ionization from the two-photon resonant state, 6p J = 0 (Fig. WKK4-1a). Further experiments to investigate the three-photon ionization are described. These experiments involved a detailed study of the ionization process.
High-power tunable VUV light pulses with energies up to 0.7 μJ were generated in the 115.7–116.9-nm region by use of a two-photon resonant four-wave mixing scheme in a Xe–Ar gas mixture. This is the highest reported pulse energy that has been produced in this wavelength region using a four-wave mixing process. Efficient detection of krypton isotopes at densities as low as 10 atoms/cm3 was demonstrated by resonantly ionizing the atom through its one-photon allowed state at the vacuum wavelength of 116.49 nm.
Many of the most impressive demonstrations of the efficient generation of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light have made use of two‐photon resonantly enhanced four‐wave mixing to generate light at ωVUV =2ωL1±ωL2. The two‐photon resonance state is coupled to the ground state both by two photons from the first laser, or by a photon from the second laser and one from the generated VUV beam. We show here that these two coherent pathways destructively interfere once the second laser is made sufficiently intense, thereby leading to an important limiting effect on the achievable conversion efficiency.