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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Experimental study of the CPT magnetometer worked on atomic energy level modulation

Guobin Liu, Sihong Gu

Published Jan 19, 2010• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have set up a coherent population trapping (CPT)-based atomic magnetometer experimental system worked with (87)Rb atoms, and with this system experimentally investigated the behaviour of a CPT magnetometer prototype proposed by us, which worked with the atomic energy level modulation scheme. Through systematical comparison with generally used microwave frequency modulation scheme, the experimental results reveal that the energy level modulation scheme not only extends the detection range, but also improves the sensitivity of magnetic field detection.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/43/3/035004

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We have set up a coherent population trapping (CPT)-based atomic magnetometer experimental system worked with (87)Rb atoms, and with this system experimentally investigated the behaviour of a CPT magnetometer prototype proposed by us, which worked with the atomic energy level modulation scheme. Through systematical comparison with generally used microwave frequency modulation scheme, the experimental results reveal that the energy level modulation scheme not only extends the detection range, but also improves the sensitivity of magnetic field detection.
We propose and experimentally investigate a coherent population trapping state based magnetometer prototype with 87 Rb atoms. Through modulating Zeeman sublevels with an ac magnetic field, not only a phase sensitive detection scheme suitable for miniature magnetometer is realized, but also the detection resolution of magnetic field intensity could be improved by a factor of two. Our study result indicates that it is a promising low power consumption miniature sensitive low magnetic field sensor offering spatially resolved measurement at the sub-millimetre level.
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited on the D1 line of 87 Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. The experimental results show that a lin ‖ lin transition scheme is a promising alternative to the conventional circular—circular transition scheme for an atomic magnetometer. Compared with the circular light transition scheme, linear light accounts for high-contrast transmission resonances, which makes this excitation scheme promising for high-sensitivity magnetometers. We also use linear light and circular light to detect changes of a standard magnetic field, separately.
A pocket coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic magnetometer scheme that uses a vertical cavity surface emitting laser as a light source is proposed and experimentally investigated. Using the differential detecting magneto–optic rotation effect, a CPT spectrum with the background canceled and a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. The experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the proposed scheme can be improved by half an order, and the ability to detect weak magnetic fields is extended one-fold. Therefore, the proposed scheme is suited to realize a pocket-size CPT magnetometer.
The method of operation of an atomic magnetometer based on coherent population trapping (CPT) without any requirement of radio frequency scanning is demonstrated. Using a hybrid approach comprising of polarization rotation and tailored transmission due to CPT states, the simultaneous operation of the device as atomic frequency standard as well as atomic magnetometer is investigated. The magnetometer sensitivity can be further improved by utilizing the inherent option of magnetic field assisted synchronized radio frequency scanning.
We have set up a coherent population trapping (CPT)-based magnetometer prototype with the D1 line of ⁸⁷Rb atoms. The dichromatic light field is derived from a fiber electro-optic modulator (FEOM) connected to an external cavity laser diode. A CPT resonance signal with a 516 Hz linewidth is observed. By feeding back the derivative of the resonance curve to the FEOM with a proportional integral controller, of which the voltage output is directly converted to the measured magnetic field intensity, the resonance peak is locked to the environmental magnetic field. The measurement data we have achieved are well matched with the data measured by a commercial fluxgate magnetometer within 2 nT, and the sensitivity is better than 8 pT/√Hz in a parallel B field.
A new method to improve the sensitivity and absolute accuracy simultaneously for coherent population trapping (CPT) magnetometer based on the differential detection method is presented. Two modulated optical beams with orthogonal circular polarizations are applied, in one of which two magnetic resonances are excited simultaneously by modulating a 3.4GHz microwave with Larmor frequency. When a microwave frequency shift is introduced, the difference in the power transmitted through the cell in each beam shows a low noise resonance. The sensitivity of 2pT/Hz @ 10Hz is achieved. Meanwhile, the absolute accuracy of ± 0.5nT within the magnetic field ranging from 20000nT to 100000nT is realized.