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Applied Optics

Loop-locked coherent population trapping magnetometer based on a fiber electro-optic modulator

Yong Hu, Y. Y. Feng, Chi Xu, Hongbo Xue, Li Quan Sun

Published Mar 27, 2014• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have set up a coherent population trapping (CPT)-based magnetometer prototype with the D1 line of ⁸⁷Rb atoms. The dichromatic light field is derived from a fiber electro-optic modulator (FEOM) connected to an external cavity laser diode. A CPT resonance signal with a 516 Hz linewidth is observed. By feeding back the derivative of the resonance curve to the FEOM with a proportional integral controller, of which the voltage output is directly converted to the measured magnetic field intensity, the resonance peak is locked to the environmental magnetic field. The measurement data we have achieved are well matched with the data measured by a commercial fluxgate magnetometer within 2 nT, and the sensitivity is better than 8 pT/√Hz in a parallel B field.

DOI
10.1364/ao.53.002158

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We have set up a coherent population trapping (CPT)-based magnetometer prototype with the D1 line of ⁸⁷Rb atoms. The dichromatic light field is derived from a fiber electro-optic modulator (FEOM) connected to an external cavity laser diode. A CPT resonance signal with a 516 Hz linewidth is observed. By feeding back the derivative of the resonance curve to the FEOM with a proportional integral controller, of which the voltage output is directly converted to the measured magnetic field intensity, the resonance peak is locked to the environmental magnetic field. The measurement data we have achieved are well matched with the data measured by a commercial fluxgate magnetometer within 2 nT, and the sensitivity is better than 8 pT/√Hz in a parallel B field.
A fully automated magnetometer suitable for long lasting measurement under stable and controllable experimental conditions has been implemented. The device is based on Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) effect produced by a multi-frequency excitation. It has an all optical sensor connected only by an optical fiber to the laser head. This allows truly remote sensing and minimization of the field perturbation. The CPT resonance is observed when a frequency comb, generated by a diode laser current modulation, excites a sample of Cs atoms confined in a cell with 2 Torr of buffer gas. In differential sensor configuration, allowing for common-mode noise cancellation, the sensitivity of 45pT/square root of Hz is obtained.
An atomic magnetometer based on coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in microfabricated vapor cells is demonstrated. Fabricated by the micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) technology, the cells are filled with Rb and Ne at a controlled pressure. An experimental apparatus is built for characterizing properties of microfabricated vapor cells via the CPT effects. The typical CPT linewidth is measured to be about 3 kHz (1.46 kHz with approximately zero laser intensity) for the rubidium D1 line at about 90 °C. The effects of pressure, temperature and laser intensity on CPT linewidth are studied experimentally. A closed-loop atomic magnetometer is finally finished with a sensitivity of 210.5 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz bandwidth. This work paves the way for developing an integrated chip-scale atomic magnetometer in the future.
An automated magnetometer suitable for long lasting measurement under stable and controllable experimental conditions has been implemented. The device is based on coherent population trapping (CPT) produced by a multifrequency excitation. CPT resonance is observed when a frequency comb, generated by diode laser current modulation, excites Cs atoms confined in a π/4×(2.5)2×1 cm3, 2 TorrN2 buffered cell. A fully optical sensor is connected through an optical fiber to the laser head allowing for truly remote sensing and minimization of the field perturbation. A detailed analysis of the CPT resonance parameters as a function of the optical detuning has been made in order to get high sensitivity measurements. The magnetic field monitoring performances and the best sensitivity obtained in a balanced differential configuration of the sensor are presented.
Coherent population trapping(CPT)magnetometer is based on coherent population trapping coherent dark states,using an all-optical method to measure the magnetic field with high accuracy.In our experiment,we used the method of injection locking to get the two color lasers with locked phase and large frequency difference,which equald to the hyperfine splitting of the cesium atoms′ground states,and observed the CPT transmission signals.We added the longitudinal magnetic field which was along the laser propagation direction,and observed the widen CPT transmission peak and the splitting signals.For the magnetic field of medium intensity,we got the magnetic field value by measuring the splitting spacing,and for the weak region,the value could be obtained by the relation of current and magnetic field.In our experiment,we could measure the static field with several nT.
Developed and characterised for the first time is a quantum vector magnetometer using coherent population trapping (CPT) in 87Rb vapour and external magnetic field compensation by 3-axis Helmholtz coils to stabilize the amplitude and spectral position of the CPT resonance excited on a magneto-sensitive (mf ≠ 0) energy level transition. To measure the magnetic field components orthogonal to the magnetometer optical axis, resonance amplitude dependence upon the transverse field strength is used, which has a maximum at zero transverse field. The proposed approach allowed measurement of the external magnetic field vector with a sensitivity exceeding 500 pT/Hz1/2.
A sensor for magnetic field measurement is developed using a small (centimeter size) rubidium cell. A high contrast Zeeman coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance is produced by the magnetic dither in the sensor solenoid, and a peak-locked servo is implemented for magnetic field measurement. Sensitivity close to 110 pT/ √Hz has been achieved in axial field measurement. The CPT-based magnetic sensor is capable of measuring sub-nanotesla level magnetic field variations at high (microtesla) field strength. We discussed possible sources of noise and broadening which are affecting the performance of the sensor, and suggest changes that will further improve the performance of the sensor.