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Chinese Physics B

High contrast atomic magnetometer based on coherent population trapping

Ailin Yang, Guoqing Yang, Yunfei Xu, Qiang Lin

Published Feb 1, 2014• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited on the D1 line of 87 Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. The experimental results show that a lin ‖ lin transition scheme is a promising alternative to the conventional circular—circular transition scheme for an atomic magnetometer. Compared with the circular light transition scheme, linear light accounts for high-contrast transmission resonances, which makes this excitation scheme promising for high-sensitivity magnetometers. We also use linear light and circular light to detect changes of a standard magnetic field, separately.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/23/2/027601

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We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited on the D1 line of 87 Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. The experimental results show that a lin ‖ lin transition scheme is a promising alternative to the conventional circular—circular transition scheme for an atomic magnetometer. Compared with the circular light transition scheme, linear light accounts for high-contrast transmission resonances, which makes this excitation scheme promising for high-sensitivity magnetometers. We also use linear light and circular light to detect changes of a standard magnetic field, separately.
We present a joint theoretical and experimental characterization of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited on the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. We observe high-contrast transmission resonances (up to $\ensuremath{\approx}25%$), which makes this excitation scheme promising for miniature all-optical atomic clock applications. We also demonstrate cancellation of the first-order light shift by proper choice of the frequencies and relative intensities of the two laser-field components. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clocks are prevailingly realized by exciting CPT resonance with circularly polarized bichromatic coherent light (σ+-σ+ scheme), while atom utilization efficiency is relatively low in the scheme. For improving efficiency, we experimentally study the scheme of realizing CPT resonance through the interaction between atoms and parallel linearly polarized bichromatic coherent light field (lin//lin scheme). In the same experimental conditions the experimental results show that the signal-noise ratio of the CPT resonance signal is twice, and the differential slope is 1.65 time higher than those of σ+-σ+ scheme. The experimental results reveal that the scheme is an ideal candidate for low power consuming atomic clock and magnetometer.
We have experimentally demonstrated that magnetic-field-insensitive coherent-population-trapping (CPT) resonances are generated between the ground hyperfine levels on the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs using a two-photon $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ scheme excited by lin||lin polarizations. The frequency shift of the CPT resonance is 0.04 Hz for the deviation of $1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}$ at a ``magic'' magnetic field of $139\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}$ and is 50 times smaller than that of the conventional clock transition at a typical bias magnetic field for the clock operation. The amplitude of the CPT spectrum excited by lin||lin polarizations is enhanced as the excitation intensity increases and is well explained by the three-level model without trap levels. Thus, the CPT resonance on the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs excited by a simple lin||lin scheme will be one of the best candidates for frequency reference of miniature atomic clocks.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) magnetometers are important geomagnetic measurement tools. However, the shift and jitter of laser frequencies can seriously interfere with the measurement results of CPT magnetometers. A CPT magnetometer uses bichromatic light that reacts with alkali metal atoms to obtain magnetic field information. Therefore, traditional laser-frequency stabilization methods, which are primarily based on monochromatic light, are not suitable for CPT magnetometers. In this study, we propose a new laser-frequency stabilization method based on the Doppler-free spectrum of the87Rb D1 line produced by bichromatic circularly polarized light. First, the bichromatic Doppler-free spectrum at the87Rb D1 line was theoretically analyzed based on the energy level, which revealed that the Doppler-free spectrum produced by bichromatic circularly polarized light can exhibit a large amplitude in the geomagnetic field. Next, we utilized the bichromatic circularly polarized light to construct a self-assembly Dopplerfree spectroscopy of the87Rb D1 line to verify the proposed laser-frequency stabilization method. The experimental results demonstrate that the frequency stability within an integration period of 1s was 5.74 × 10−11. When the integration time was 100s, the frequency stability was 8.63 × 10−11. These results show that the proposed method is promising for ultra-highsensitivity CPT magnetometers, ensuring accurate measurements in practical applications.
We demonstrate a suppression of the light shift in a Coherent-Population-Trapping (CPT) atomic magnetometer by using linearly polarized light and a differential measurement between magnetic resonances. The radio frequency that creates the optical sidebands for CPT quickly switches between two magnetic sensitive transitions, and the magnetic field is extrapolated from the difference of the center frequencies of the magnetic resonances. Light shifts and common drifts like collisional shifts can be suppressed through careful choice of measured resonances, and we show the light shift reduction by more than a factor of 20 compared to excitation with circularly-polarized light. Various limitations of the method are discussed.