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Physical Review A

Atom-atom correlations induced by resonant coupling with a laser field

Yves Gontier

Published Jun 1, 1999• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The correlations arising between identical atoms resonantly coupled with the same radiation field are studied within a fully quantized theory. The atoms do not interact with each other and may be widely separated. We study how a modulation of the atom-field parameter of any one atom is transmitted to the others. This exchange of informations between remote systems was predicted in a previous account in the case of two atoms (signal transmission by optical correlations). In this paper, the theory is generalized to more than two atoms in order to model the effect of onlooker atoms. Outlines of experiments enabling investigation of the observability of these correlations and the applications that can be made are presented.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.4747

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The correlations arising between identical atoms resonantly coupled with the same radiation field are studied within a fully quantized theory. The atoms do not interact with each other and may be widely separated. We study how a modulation of the atom-field parameter of any one atom is transmitted to the others. This exchange of informations between remote systems was predicted in a previous account in the case of two atoms (signal transmission by optical correlations). In this paper, the theory is generalized to more than two atoms in order to model the effect of onlooker atoms. Outlines of experiments enabling investigation of the observability of these correlations and the applications that can be made are presented.
It is shown that two identical systems, not interacting with each other but resonantly coupled with the same intense radiation field, can be correlated. The case of a pair of two-level atoms is quantitatively investigated by calculating the probability for the emission of a photon by one of the two atoms. One finds that the presence of the other atom strongly affects the shape of the resonance curve. It is concluded that this effect, called signal transmission by means of optical correlations, if observable, could be the way for transmitting information between the atoms without resorting to any modulation of the field amplitude.
Single atoms absorb and emit light from a resonant laser beam photon by photon. We show that a single atom strongly coupled to an optical cavity can absorb and emit resonant photons in pairs. The effect is observed in a photon correlation experiment on the light transmitted through the cavity. We find that the atom-cavity system transforms a random stream of input photons into a correlated stream of output photons, thereby acting as a two-photon gateway. The phenomenon has its origin in the quantum anharmonicity of the energy structure of the atom-cavity system. Future applications could include the controlled interaction of two photons by means of one atom.
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We introduce a simple model for electromagnetically induced transparency in which all fields are treated quantum mechanically. We study a system of three separated atoms at fixed positions in a one-dimensional multimode optical cavity. The first atom serves as the source for a single spontaneously emitted photon; the photon scatters from a three-level Lambda-configuration atom which interacts with a single-mode field coupling two of the atomic levels; the third atom serves as a detector of the total transmitted field. We find an analytical solution for the quantum dynamics. From the quantum amplitude describing the excitation of the detector atom we extract information that provides exact single-photon analogs to wave delays predicted by semi-classical theories. We also find complementary information in the expectation value of the electric field intensity operator.
Microscopic models based on multilevel atoms are central to optimizing nonlinear optical responses and the coherent control of light. These models are traditionally based on single-atom effects that are parametrically extrapolated to include collective effects, such as an enhanced response or propagation within atomic media. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the cooperative effects arising in driven systems composed of multilevel atoms coupled via a common electromagnetic environment. The analysis is based on an interplay between dressed states induced by the driving field and photon exchanges, and collective decay channels. This theory is applied to the case of four-wave mixing induced by a pair of lasers acting on an atomic pair with internal levels in the diamond configuration. The effect of interatomic correlations and collective decay over the photons created in this nonlinear process is then explored. We identify three regions of operation: (i) laser-dominated, (ii) intermediate, and (iii) dipole-dominated. The dependence of single- and two-photon correlations is studied in detail for each region by varying atomic orientations and laser parameters consistent with current experiments involving atomic gases. Photonic correlation functions are shown to exhibit a transition from a Lorentz-like dependence on the two-photon detuning—with general features that can be obtained in an isolated atom scheme—to a two-peaked distribution when the dipole-dipole interactions become relevant. For weak Rabi frequencies whose value is smaller than the highest collective decay rate, the atoms are trapped inside their ground state as they approach each other. It is found that the anisotropy of the dipole-dipole interaction and its wave nature are essential to understand the behavior of the photon correlations. Signatures of these processes are identified for existing experimental realizations. The intuition obtained from this connection helps to uncover relevant parameters that could be exploited for quantum control protocols based on dispersive and dissipative cooperative effects in multilevel systems.
Theory of the interaction between atom and radiation field: three pictures in quantum mechanics description two-level atom and the optical Bloch equation quantized description of the radiation field Dicke Hamiltonian and Jaynes - Cummings model quantum theory of a small system coupling to a reservoir. The quantum properties of light: coherence of light squeezed states of light resonance fluorescence superfluorescence optical bistability effects of virtual photon processes. Quantum properties of the atomic behaviour under the interaction of the radiation field: collapses and revivals of the atomic populations squeezing effects of the atomic operators coherent trapping of the atomic population quantum characteristics of a two-atom system under the interaction of radiation field autoionization of the atom in a laser field motion of the atom in a laser field laser cooling.