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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Introduction to Modern Quantum Optics

Jin-sheng Peng, Gao‐xiang Li

Published Jul 1, 1998• 101 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Theory of the interaction between atom and radiation field: three pictures in quantum mechanics description two-level atom and the optical Bloch equation quantized description of the radiation field Dicke Hamiltonian and Jaynes - Cummings model quantum theory of a small system coupling to a reservoir. The quantum properties of light: coherence of light squeezed states of light resonance fluorescence superfluorescence optical bistability effects of virtual photon processes. Quantum properties of the atomic behaviour under the interaction of the radiation field: collapses and revivals of the atomic populations squeezing effects of the atomic operators coherent trapping of the atomic population quantum characteristics of a two-atom system under the interaction of radiation field autoionization of the atom in a laser field motion of the atom in a laser field laser cooling.

DOI
10.1142/3770

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Theory of the interaction between atom and radiation field: three pictures in quantum mechanics description two-level atom and the optical Bloch equation quantized description of the radiation field Dicke Hamiltonian and Jaynes - Cummings model quantum theory of a small system coupling to a reservoir. The quantum properties of light: coherence of light squeezed states of light resonance fluorescence superfluorescence optical bistability effects of virtual photon processes. Quantum properties of the atomic behaviour under the interaction of the radiation field: collapses and revivals of the atomic populations squeezing effects of the atomic operators coherent trapping of the atomic population quantum characteristics of a two-atom system under the interaction of radiation field autoionization of the atom in a laser field motion of the atom in a laser field laser cooling.
In this thesis we present a theoretical analysis of some of the implications of the quantum nature of the electromagnetic field.In particular, we are interested in how atomic dynamics are modified by coupling to a quantized radiation field.In chapter two we review the Jaynes-Cummings model of atom-field interactions.This model consists of a single two-level atom coupled to a single mode of the radiation field.The evolution of the atom depends upon the initial quantum state of the field mode.Chapter three is a review of the quantum theory of dissipation.In chapter four we examine the properties of the thermofield states of the two-mode, quantized radiation fields.We investigate the use of these states as a representation of single mode thermal states.The thermo field representation is used to describe interactions involving thermal averages and in an analysis of two-mode squeezing in parametric amplifiers.Chapters five to seven are concerned with the Rydberg atom maser.In chapter five we review some of the properties of Rydberg atoms in cavities and consider the validity of the Jaynes-Cummings model as a description of the maser.In chapter six we discuss the modification of the atomic dynamics when more than one atom is present in the cavity.We show how the collective atomic inversion is influenced by many-atom effects, as well as the photon statistical effects present in the single atom Jaynes-CHAPTER
Light and atoms couple together via the electromagnetic interaction. The simplest form of this interaction is the electric dipole interaction, and in its quantised form it provides a useful starting point for the investigation of quantum effects in optics. Two examples of quantum noise manipulation of the light field due to interaction with atoms will be presented, as well as an analysis of a simple model for laser cooling of trapped atoms. The first example of quantum noise manipulation is the investigation of a quantum non-demolition measurement scheme based on a three-level atomic system in the ladder configuration. An effective two-level model of the atomic system is used, which enables the inclusion of spontaneous emission noise from the upper atomic level. The system is found to perform well, when detuned far from resonance. The second example is the treatment of squeezing in the intensity difference between two modes coupled by a three-level atomic system in the ladder configuration. The noise correlations are similar to those occurring in the optical parametric oscillator, and give rise to good squeezing when the system is well detuned from the intermediate level. The simple model of laser cooling consists of a single two-level atom with quantised centre-of-mass motion constrained to move in a one-dimensional harmonic potential while interacting with a single-mode classical travelling light field. It is shown that there is an analogy between this model and the Jaynes-Cummings model. This gives rise to interesting coherent effects including quantum collapses and revivals in the atomic inversion. Sideband cooling occurs for this model when the light field is tuned to the atom's first lower vibrational sideband. The strong sideband and Lamb-Dicke perturbation regimes are defined. Analytic results have previously been obtained for the latter regime, but we carry out a numerical investigation of the steady state and time evolution behaviour in the former regime. Differences in the behaviour in the two regimes are discussed. Finally the possibility of observing quantum jumps between trap levels is discussed.
This book is devoted to the modern problems of quantum optics. Atomic radiations in free space, waveguides, cavities and periodical structures are investigated. The wavepacket quantum-mechanical picture of radiation is stressed and different quantum states of the radiation field are described. The analysis of the appearance of coherence in lasers is followed by a discussion of the connection between the form of the Hamiltonian and the initial conditions in the radiation problems. The quantum theory of interference is also given and causality in the radiation process is investigated, and the resolvent method for radiation problems is also described. A new type of laser generator with an extremely narrow spectrum is then proposed. Finally, problems of the quantum-mechanical description of macroscopic body movement are discussed in connection with the observation of squeezed light.
Principles of Quantum Devices: A Quantum-Optical Perspective on Quantum Science and Technology From Atoms to Qubits Quantum Information Coherent Optical Manipulation of Atoms: The Two-Level System Approximation Coherent Manipulation of Two-Level Systems Coherent Manipulation of Multilevel Systems The Two-Level System Including Atomic Motion Modelling Real Atoms Atoms and Quantized Optical Fields: The Quantum Stochastic Schrodinger Equation The Master Equation Inputs, Outputs, and Quantum Langevin Equations Cascaded Quantum Systems Dissipative Dynamics of Driven Systems Dissipative Dynamics of Driven Atoms Multi-Atom Optical Bloch Equations Laser Cooling: Quantum Stochastic Equations for Laser Cooling of Atoms Laser Cooling of Untrapped Atoms Laser Cooling of a Trapped Ion Continuous Measurement and Quantum Trajectories: Continuous Measurement Quantum Trajectories Homodyne Measurement Squeezing and Quantum Correlations Two-Level Systems, Photons and Phonons: Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Optical Manipulation of Trapped Ions The Ion Trap Quantum Computer Superconductors: Quantum Circuit Theory Superconducting Quantum Devices Quantum Networks: Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Networks The Dark-State Ensemble Quantum Memory Spatially Extended Atomic Ensembles
The temporal evolution of quantum statistical properties of an interacting atom–radiation field system in the presence of a classical homogeneous gravitational field is investigated within the framework of the Jaynes–Cummings model. To analyse the dynamical evolution of the atom–radiation system a quantum treatment of the internal and external dynamics of the atom is presented based on an alternative su(2) dynamical algebraic structure. By solving the Schrödinger equation in the interaction picture, the evolving state of the system is found by which the influence of the gravitational field on the dynamical behaviour of the atom–radiation system is explored. Assuming that initially the radiation field is prepared in a coherent state and the two-level atom is in a coherent superposition of the excited and ground states, the influence of gravity on the collapses and revivals of the atomic population inversion, atomic dipole squeezing, atomic momentum diffusion, photon counting statistics and quadrature squeezing of the radiation field is studied.