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Frontiers in Optics

Coherent control of a photon-atom bound state outside the photonic band gap

Szu-Cheng Cheng, Jing-Nuo Wu, Wen Feng Hsien

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a feasible scheme to control the spontaneous emission of a ladder-type atom in an anisotropic photonic crystal (PC). We find that the photo-atom bound state can be formed even for the frequencies of the driving laser and atomic levels lying outside the photonic-band gap. From this scheme we then resolved the control problem posted by the previous studies that the driving laser cannot freely couple with the atom.

DOI
10.1364/ls.2013.lth2g.2

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We demonstrate a feasible scheme to control the spontaneous emission of a ladder-type atom in an anisotropic photonic crystal (PC). We find that the photo-atom bound state can be formed even for the frequencies of the driving laser and atomic levels lying outside the photonic-band gap. From this scheme we then resolved the control problem posted by the previous studies that the driving laser cannot freely couple with the atom.
We study the steady-state behaviour of spontaneous emission of a driven four-level atom embedded in photonic crystals. Considering different initial conditions, we discuss the influence of photonic band gap and detuning of external driving field on the atomic spontaneous emission spectrum. The photonic band gap and external driving field will impact strongly on the atomic spontaneous emission properties. Some interesting phenomena were found such as laser-induced dark line, laser-induced spectral-line narrowing and laser-induced pushing of a dressed state out of the band gap, which can be attributed to the quantum interference effect and control of the external driving field.
We demonstrate the coherent control of spontaneous emission for a three-level atom located within a photonic band gap (PBG) material, with one resonant frequency near the edge of the PBG. Spontaneous emission from the three-level atom can be totally suppressed or strongly enhanced depending on the relative phase between the steady-state control laser coupling the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state inversion of the atomic system is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This non-zero steady-state population is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom. It is robust to decoherence effects provided that the Rabi frequency of the control laser field exceeds the rate of dephasing interactions. As a result, such a system may be relevant for a single-atom, phase-sensitive optical memory device on the atomic scale. The protected electric dipole within the PBG provides a basis for a qubit to encode information for quantum computations. A detailed literature survey on the nature, fabrication and applications of PBG materials is presented to provide context for this research.
We describe the spontaneous emission properties of an M-type five-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal (PC), which is coherently driven by two external laser fields. It leads to two types of quantum interference: reservoir-induced interference and laser-induced interference. Considering different detunings of atomic transition frequencies from band edges, we reveal some interesting phenomena such as spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, spectral-line narrowing, reservoir-induced cancellation of spontaneous emission and the appearance of dark lines, which originate from the quantum interference effects and the control of external laser fields. These investigations suggest possible applications in quantum optics, optical communications and in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices.
We demonstrate the coherent control of spontaneous emission for a three-level atom located within a photonic band-gap structure with one resonant frequency near the edge of the photonic band gap. Spontaneous emission from the three-level atom can be totally suppressed or strongly enhanced depending on the relative phase between the steady-state control laser coupling the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state inversion of the atomic system is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This nonzero steady-state population is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom. It is robust to decoherence effects provided that the Rabi frequency of the control laser field-atom interaction exceeds the rate of dephasing interactions. As a result, such a system may be relevant for a single-atom, phase-sensitive, optical memory device on the atomic scale. The protected electric dipole within the photonic band gap provides a basis for a qubit to encode information for quantum computations.
The spontaneous emission from a microwave-driven four-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal is studied. Due to the modified density of state (DOS) in the anisotropic photonic band gap (PBG) and the coherent control induced by the coupling fields, spontaneous emission can be significantly enhanced when the position of the spontaneous emission peak gets close to the band gap edge. As a result of the closed-loop interaction between the fields and the atom, the spontaneous emission depends on the dynamically induced Autler–Townes splitting and its position relative to the PBG. Interesting phenomena, such as spectral-line suppression, enhancement and narrowing, and fluorescence quenching, appear in the spontaneous emission spectra, which are modulated by amplitudes and phases of the coherently driven fields and the effect of PBG. This theoretical study can provide us with more efficient methods to manipulate the atomic spontaneous emission.
The coherent control of the spontaneous emission spectrum of a driven atom located within photonic crystals with two atomic position-dependent bands is investigated. The driving laser field splits the excited atomic level into a doublet that is further dressed by two bands bonded together with the atomic position in the crystal unit cell. The spontaneous emission spectrum of the atomic transition in free space is discussed. We find that frequency shift and the intensity of the spectrum can be perfectly manipulated by variation of the atomic position and detuning of the laser field. The result perhaps offers us an interesting route towards tunable photonic devices.