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Physica Scripta

Modification and control of the spontaneous emission from an M-type atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal

Chunling Ding, Jiahua Li, Xiaoxue Yang, Xin‐You Lü

Published May 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the spontaneous emission properties of an M-type five-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal (PC), which is coherently driven by two external laser fields. It leads to two types of quantum interference: reservoir-induced interference and laser-induced interference. Considering different detunings of atomic transition frequencies from band edges, we reveal some interesting phenomena such as spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, spectral-line narrowing, reservoir-induced cancellation of spontaneous emission and the appearance of dark lines, which originate from the quantum interference effects and the control of external laser fields. These investigations suggest possible applications in quantum optics, optical communications and in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/83/05/055405

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We describe the spontaneous emission properties of an M-type five-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal (PC), which is coherently driven by two external laser fields. It leads to two types of quantum interference: reservoir-induced interference and laser-induced interference. Considering different detunings of atomic transition frequencies from band edges, we reveal some interesting phenomena such as spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, spectral-line narrowing, reservoir-induced cancellation of spontaneous emission and the appearance of dark lines, which originate from the quantum interference effects and the control of external laser fields. These investigations suggest possible applications in quantum optics, optical communications and in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices.
We study the steady-state behaviour of spontaneous emission of a driven four-level atom embedded in photonic crystals. Considering different initial conditions, we discuss the influence of photonic band gap and detuning of external driving field on the atomic spontaneous emission spectrum. The photonic band gap and external driving field will impact strongly on the atomic spontaneous emission properties. Some interesting phenomena were found such as laser-induced dark line, laser-induced spectral-line narrowing and laser-induced pushing of a dressed state out of the band gap, which can be attributed to the quantum interference effect and control of the external driving field.
We study the spontaneous emission of a four-level atom with two transitions coupled to a reservoir that has a photonic bandgap near the band edge. Moreover, the transition from the upper level to an auxiliary level is driven by a laser. Considering the different detuning of the external driving field, we discuss some effects, such as a laser-induced dark line, a laser-induced line splitting, and a laser-induced pushing of a dressed state out of the bandgap, which originate from the quantum interference effect and control of the external driving field.
We investigate the spontaneous-emission properties of a two-level atom embedded in a three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal. In addition to the modified density of states, the atom is driven by a coherent intense low-frequency field (LFF), which creates additional multiphoton decay channels with the exchange of two low-frequency photons and one spontaneous photon during an atomic transition. Due to the low frequency of the applied field, the various transition pathways may interfere with each other and thus give rise to a modified system dynamics. We find that even if all the atomic (bare and induced) transition frequencies are in the conducting band of the photonic crystal, there still may exist a photon–atom bound state in coexistence with propagating modes. The system also allows us to generate narrow lines in the spontaneous-emission spectrum. This spectrum is a function of the distance of the observer from the atom due to the band gap in the photonic crystal. The system properties depend on three characteristic frequencies, which are influenced by quantum interference effects. Thus these results can be attributed to a combination of interference and band-gap effects.
A model of a four-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic crystal (PC) is presented. The atomic transitions from the upper two levels to the lower two levels are coupled by the same reservoir which is assumed in turn to be isotropic PC modes, anisotropic PC modes and free vacuum modes. The effects of the fine structure of the atomic ground state levels and the quantum interference on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail. Most interestingly, it is shown for the first time that new spontaneous emission lines are produced from the fine splitting of atomic ground state levels in the isotropic PC case. Quantum interference induces additional narrow spontaneous lines near the transition from the empty upper level to the lower levels.
The impacts of an external driving field on the spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic crystal is investigated. In the upper level coupling, a dark line occurs, which stems from deductive quantum interference induced by the external driving field. The dark line appears with an additional peak when it is outside the band gap of the PBG reservoirs. The dark line cannot be seen when it falls into the band gap. In the case of lower level coupling, interference plays no role. The emission spectrum displays two incoherent modified Lorentzian lines that have two singularities in each side of the band gap in isotropic PBG reservoirs.
Quantum interferences in spontaneous emission spectrum from a V-type three-level and a double V-type four-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic band-gap material have been investigated. We demonstrate that there is not only a black dark line, but also a narrow spontaneous line in the spectrum. The dark line results from a destructive interference or singularities of the density of states of the radiation field. The narrow spectral line arises from a population transfer under joint constructive interferences. The spontaneous emission spectrum is compared to the cases of single-band and double-band photonic band-gap reservoirs.