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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Six-wave mixing UV frequency generation in barium

R. Stringat, G. Fabre, M Taleb

Published Jun 14, 1989• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Two dye laser beams copropagate in barium vapour (N approximately 10 17 cm -3 ). One is tuned to the frequency ( omega L ) of the two-photon transition 6s 2 1 S 0 -6d 1 D 2 (661.2 nm). The frequency of the second ( omega L ) is tuned around that of the transition 5d6p 1 P 1 0 -5d 1 D 2 (528.6 nm). A new coherent wave at lambda UV approximately 350 nm, tunable on about 1000 cm -1 , with frequency omega UV = omega L + Omega (5d 1 D 2 -6s 2 1 S 0 ) is generated in the forward direction by a six-wave mixing parametric process.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/22/11/019

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Two dye laser beams copropagate in barium vapour (N approximately 10 17 cm -3 ). One is tuned to the frequency ( omega L ) of the two-photon transition 6s 2 1 S 0 -6d 1 D 2 (661.2 nm). The frequency of the second ( omega L ) is tuned around that of the transition 5d6p 1 P 1 0 -5d 1 D 2 (528.6 nm). A new coherent wave at lambda UV approximately 350 nm, tunable on about 1000 cm -1 , with frequency omega UV = omega L + Omega (5d 1 D 2 -6s 2 1 S 0 ) is generated in the forward direction by a six-wave mixing parametric process.
Two-photon resonant or nearly resonant optical processes have been investigated in atomic barium vapour ( approximately 10 17 cm -3 ) with a pulse dye laser (frequency omega L ) covering the range 735-415 nm. These interactions result in strong coherent emissions emitted either forward and backward, or forward only. The optical processes responsible for these coherent emissions have been identified. Seventy five lines (frequency omega ES ) emitted from 1000 to 360 nm are due to optically pumped stimulated emissions or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Twenty eight lines (frequency omega sigma ) observed from 795 to 250 nm are generated through four-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L +or- omega ES , and nine- (795-260 nm) through six-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L - omega ES1 - omega ES2 +or- omega ES3 .
A pulsed dye-laser beam (ωL) pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven containing potassium vapor (nk ≈ 1016 cm−3). Two-photon resonant four-wave and six-wave mixing processes using the potassium 8s 2S1/2 state are investigated. Thirty-two coherent UV radiation lines are generated within the range of 300–400 nm through the processes ωUV = 2ωL ± ωIR and ωUV = 2ωL − ω′IR − ω″IR ± ω‴IR, where ωIR are frequencies of laser-induced IR waves generated in the vapor near the transitions 8S–7P, 7P–7S, 7P–5D, 8S–6P, 7S–6P, 5D–6P, etc. The influence of resonant enhancement on the UV line intensities and the phase-matching condition are analyzed.
Coherent radiation at several wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been generated by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor. When a powerful ultraviolet pump laser of frequency omega(p) is tuned to a two-photon resonance, VUV signal photons at frequency omega(s), as well as idler photons at frequency omega(i), are generated such that omega(s) + omega(i) = 2omega(p). A frequency-doubled dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s6d(1)D(2) level near 280.3 nm produced output at 184.9 and 143.5 nm. A tunable krypton fluoride excimer laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s10s (1)S(0) level near 248.7 nm produced output at 140.1, 130.7, 130.1, 125.9, and 125.0 nm. Approximately 1-microJ, 200-W pulses were observed at 143.5 and 125.9 nm.
Barium atomic vapours were obtained in a cross-shaped heat pipe in the presence of argon. In the temperature range explored (900°-1050°C), the population was ~ 1016 to 1017 cm-3. The transverse and axial (relative to the laser beam) emissions were recorded with the aid of a photomultiplier coupled to an SRS Model 280 boxcar averager. Filters and dichroic mirrors were used to suppress the laser line during axial observations. The dye laser was pumped by a doubled or tripled Nd-YAG laser operating at 10 Hz with 13 ns pulses. The domain explored (725nm > λ > 490nm) correspond to the dyes LDS 698, Rh 590, F548 and C 500. The pulse energies (100-300 µJ) and focussing conditions correspond to an intensity of 100-300 MW/cm2. The dye laser beam was linearly polarised.