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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Two-photon resonant processes in atomic barium vapour

R. Stringat, G. Fabre, M Taleb

Published Dec 28, 1988• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two-photon resonant or nearly resonant optical processes have been investigated in atomic barium vapour ( approximately 10 17 cm -3 ) with a pulse dye laser (frequency omega L ) covering the range 735-415 nm. These interactions result in strong coherent emissions emitted either forward and backward, or forward only. The optical processes responsible for these coherent emissions have been identified. Seventy five lines (frequency omega ES ) emitted from 1000 to 360 nm are due to optically pumped stimulated emissions or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Twenty eight lines (frequency omega sigma ) observed from 795 to 250 nm are generated through four-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L +or- omega ES , and nine- (795-260 nm) through six-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L - omega ES1 - omega ES2 +or- omega ES3 .

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/21/24/011

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Physical Review A•Nov 1, 1982•15 citations
Two-photon resonant or nearly resonant optical processes have been investigated in atomic barium vapour ( approximately 10 17 cm -3 ) with a pulse dye laser (frequency omega L ) covering the range 735-415 nm. These interactions result in strong coherent emissions emitted either forward and backward, or forward only. The optical processes responsible for these coherent emissions have been identified. Seventy five lines (frequency omega ES ) emitted from 1000 to 360 nm are due to optically pumped stimulated emissions or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Twenty eight lines (frequency omega sigma ) observed from 795 to 250 nm are generated through four-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L +or- omega ES , and nine- (795-260 nm) through six-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L - omega ES1 - omega ES2 +or- omega ES3 .
Two dye laser beams copropagate in barium vapour (N approximately 10 17 cm -3 ). One is tuned to the frequency ( omega L ) of the two-photon transition 6s 2 1 S 0 -6d 1 D 2 (661.2 nm). The frequency of the second ( omega L ) is tuned around that of the transition 5d6p 1 P 1 0 -5d 1 D 2 (528.6 nm). A new coherent wave at lambda UV approximately 350 nm, tunable on about 1000 cm -1 , with frequency omega UV = omega L + Omega (5d 1 D 2 -6s 2 1 S 0 ) is generated in the forward direction by a six-wave mixing parametric process.
Two-photon resonant optical processes, using potassium ns2S1/2 states (7 ≤ n ≤ 20), are investigated in detail by a pulsed dye laser. About 100 coherent lines between 288–422 nm are generated through the processes ωUV ± ωIR = 2ωL and [Formula: see text]. The strongest lines (near mP–4S transitions) are formed by parametric oscillation and are generally split into components that are frequency shifted relative to atomic transitions. About 70 lines are generated by six-wave mixing processes and 15 other lines by four-wave mixing processes. The wavelengths, relative intensities of the lines, and the components of the strongest lines are explained with a theoretical analysis based on the wave equation, atomic polarization, and phase-match condition for both wave-mixing processes and parametric oscillations.
A phosphate neodymium glass laser emitting picosecond pulses tunable in the 1.05–1.07 μ range was developed to study nonlinear optical processes in atomic barium vapor. Its temporal characteristics were investigated using a modified second harmonic beam method. Electron stimulated Raman scattering and four-photon parametric conversion in atomic barium vapor were used to obtain efficient conversion of the third harmonic of the picosecond phosphate laser (350–356 nm) to the Stokes (580–600 nm) and anti-Stokes (250–253 nm) waves. The highest conversion quantum efficiency for the Stokes wave was 15%. Electron stimulated Raman scattering in an (6 s 2 ) 1 S –(6 s 7 s ) 1 S –(6 s 6 p ) 1 P 0 system, having a strongly forbidden first transition, was recorded for the first time. In the same system, two-photon pumping generated four-photon parametric superradiance and it was found that the signal and idler waves had anomalously broad spectra (wider than 100 cm −1 ).
The, output of a pulsed dye-laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven. The optical wave-mixing processes and parametric oscillations from two-photon excitation of 5d2DJ state in potassium vapor are investigated. Twenty-eight coherent lines within the range of 302-421 nm are generated. Splits and frequency shifts of the parametric oscillations and wavelengths and relative intensities of spectral lines in the wave-mixing processes are explained with a theoretical analysis based on the wave equation, atomic polarization and phase-match condition. The theoretical values are found to be in agreement with the experimental results.
Optically inverted barium ions in the 6p(12)6{p}_{(\frac{1}{2})}6p(21​)​ excited state served as the nonlinear medium for doubly resonant four-wave parametric generation of coherent radiation at 167 nm. The excited barium ions were produced via selective autoionization. Stimulated-emission photons at 650 nm corresponding to the $6{p}_{(\frac{1}{2})}\ensuremath{-}5{d}_{(\frac{3}{2})}$ transition were mixed with input 451-nm laser photons turned to the $6{p}_{(\frac{1}{2})}\ensuremath{-}6{f}_{(\frac{5}{2})}$ two-photon resonance to produce the 167-nm output photons.