Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Canadian Journal of Physics

Two-photon resonant optical processes in atomic potassium

P.-L. Zhang, ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW

Published Dec 1, 1984• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two-photon resonant optical processes, using potassium ns2S1/2 states (7 ≤ n ≤ 20), are investigated in detail by a pulsed dye laser. About 100 coherent lines between 288–422 nm are generated through the processes ωUV ± ωIR = 2ωL and [Formula: see text]. The strongest lines (near mP–4S transitions) are formed by parametric oscillation and are generally split into components that are frequency shifted relative to atomic transitions. About 70 lines are generated by six-wave mixing processes and 15 other lines by four-wave mixing processes. The wavelengths, relative intensities of the lines, and the components of the strongest lines are explained with a theoretical analysis based on the wave equation, atomic polarization, and phase-match condition for both wave-mixing processes and parametric oscillations.

DOI
10.1139/p84-163

Related papers

TWO-PHOTON RESONANT OPTICAL WAVE-MIXING AND PARAMETRIC PROCESSES USING POTASSIUM 5d 2DJ STATE

Zhang Peilin, 清华大学现代应用物理系

The, output of a pulsed dye-laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven. The optical wave-mixing processes and parametric oscillations from two-photon excitation of 5d2DJ state in potassium vapor are investigated. Twenty-eight coherent lines within the range of 302-421 nm are generated. Splits and frequency shifts of the parametric oscillations and wavelengths and relative intensities of spectral lines in the wave-mixing processes are explained with a theoretical analysis based on the wave equation, atomic polarization and phase-match condition. The theoretical values are found to be in agreement with the experimental results.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 1985•0 citations

Generation of coherent UV radiation by optical wave-mixing processes in atomic potassium

P. L. Zhang, Y. C. Wang, ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW

A pulsed dye-laser beam (ωL) pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven containing potassium vapor (nk ≈ 1016 cm−3). Two-photon resonant four-wave and six-wave mixing processes using the potassium 8s 2S1/2 state are investigated. Thirty-two coherent UV radiation lines are generated within the range of 300–400 nm through the processes ωUV = 2ωL ± ωIR and ωUV = 2ωL − ω′IR − ω″IR ± ω‴IR, where ωIR are frequencies of laser-induced IR waves generated in the vapor near the transitions 8S–7P, 7P–7S, 7P–5D, 8S–6P, 7S–6P, 5D–6P, etc. The influence of resonant enhancement on the UV line intensities and the phase-matching condition are analyzed.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Mar 1, 1984•38 citations

Two-photon resonant processes in atomic barium vapour

R. Stringat, G. Fabre, M Taleb

Two-photon resonant or nearly resonant optical processes have been investigated in atomic barium vapour ( approximately 10 17 cm -3 ) with a pulse dye laser (frequency omega L ) covering the range 735-415 nm. These interactions result in strong coherent emissions emitted either forward and backward, or forward only. The optical processes responsible for these coherent emissions have been identified. Seventy five lines (frequency omega ES ) emitted from 1000 to 360 nm are due to optically pumped stimulated emissions or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Twenty eight lines (frequency omega sigma ) observed from 795 to 250 nm are generated through four-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L +or- omega ES , and nine- (795-260 nm) through six-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L - omega ES1 - omega ES2 +or- omega ES3 .

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Dec 28, 1988•4 citations

Four-wave mixing and parametric four-wave mixing near the 4P 4S transition of the potassium atom

M. Katharakis, Nikolaos Merlemis, Alexander A. Serafetinides +1 more

Potassium 4S 1/2 –6S 1/2 two-photon excitation initiates the emission of several internally generated photons. For the first time two emission lines, one close to and one below the potassium 4P 3/2 level, are reported for low pumping intensity. Radiation emitted below the 4P 3/2 level is due to a parametric four-wave mixing process that uses the photons emitted at the 5P 3/2 –4S 1/2 transition and a two-step four-wave mixing process generates the line emitted close to the 4P 3/2 level.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Nov 27, 2002•23 citations

Interaction of atomic wave packets with four-wave mixing:?detection of rubidium and potassium wave packets by coherent ultraviolet emission

Henry Tran, P. C. John, Ju Gao +1 more

The observation of an atomic wave packet by use of a coherent, nonlinear-optical process is reported. Wave packets formed in K or Rb vapor by two-photon excitation of ns and (n-2)dstates (n=8 for K; n=11 , 12 for Rb) with red (~620-nm) , 80-100-fs pulses were detected by four-wave mixing in pump-probe experiments. The temporal behavior of the wave packet is observed by monitoring the coherent UV radiation generated near the alkali mp(2)P? (2)S(1/2) (7</=m</=12 for Rb; 5</=m</=7 for K) resonance transitions when a probe pulse is scattered by the wave packet established by the earlier (identical) pump pulse. The spatial and spectral characteristics of the UV emission are well described by axially phase-matched four-wave mixing, and all the prominent frequency components of the wave packets are associated with energy differences between pairs of excited states for which Diota=0 or Diota=2 . These results demonstrate that the wave packet modulates chi((3))of the medium, thus rendering the wave packet detectable.

Optics Letters•Jan 1, 1998•26 citations

Stimulated emissions and quantum interference in potassium atom laser interaction

Nikolaos Merlemis, M. Katharakis, E. Koudoumas +1 more

The interaction of a laser with potassium atoms is investigated by monitoring the radiation of the 5P-4S transition under the two-photon 4S(1/2)-6S(1/2) excitation. For low number density and laser intensity the observed radiation is parametric axial or conical, depending on the laser detuning from the two-photon resonance, the number density and the laser intensity. With increasing laser intensities and number densities, an additional delayed component is observed corresponding to a two-step four-wave mixing with the participation of internally generated photons. A two-photon quantum interference effect is observed for the total (axial and conical) parametric four-wave mixing emission. A deviation from the proposed model under certain experimental parameters is attributed to a two-step four-wave mixing and the phase mismatch of the parametric processes.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•May 2, 2003•15 citations
Two-photon resonant optical processes, using potassium ns2S1/2 states (7 ≤ n ≤ 20), are investigated in detail by a pulsed dye laser. About 100 coherent lines between 288–422 nm are generated through the processes ωUV ± ωIR = 2ωL and [Formula: see text]. The strongest lines (near mP–4S transitions) are formed by parametric oscillation and are generally split into components that are frequency shifted relative to atomic transitions. About 70 lines are generated by six-wave mixing processes and 15 other lines by four-wave mixing processes. The wavelengths, relative intensities of the lines, and the components of the strongest lines are explained with a theoretical analysis based on the wave equation, atomic polarization, and phase-match condition for both wave-mixing processes and parametric oscillations.
The, output of a pulsed dye-laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven. The optical wave-mixing processes and parametric oscillations from two-photon excitation of 5d2DJ state in potassium vapor are investigated. Twenty-eight coherent lines within the range of 302-421 nm are generated. Splits and frequency shifts of the parametric oscillations and wavelengths and relative intensities of spectral lines in the wave-mixing processes are explained with a theoretical analysis based on the wave equation, atomic polarization and phase-match condition. The theoretical values are found to be in agreement with the experimental results.
A pulsed dye-laser beam (ωL) pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven containing potassium vapor (nk ≈ 1016 cm−3). Two-photon resonant four-wave and six-wave mixing processes using the potassium 8s 2S1/2 state are investigated. Thirty-two coherent UV radiation lines are generated within the range of 300–400 nm through the processes ωUV = 2ωL ± ωIR and ωUV = 2ωL − ω′IR − ω″IR ± ω‴IR, where ωIR are frequencies of laser-induced IR waves generated in the vapor near the transitions 8S–7P, 7P–7S, 7P–5D, 8S–6P, 7S–6P, 5D–6P, etc. The influence of resonant enhancement on the UV line intensities and the phase-matching condition are analyzed.
Two-photon resonant or nearly resonant optical processes have been investigated in atomic barium vapour ( approximately 10 17 cm -3 ) with a pulse dye laser (frequency omega L ) covering the range 735-415 nm. These interactions result in strong coherent emissions emitted either forward and backward, or forward only. The optical processes responsible for these coherent emissions have been identified. Seventy five lines (frequency omega ES ) emitted from 1000 to 360 nm are due to optically pumped stimulated emissions or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Twenty eight lines (frequency omega sigma ) observed from 795 to 250 nm are generated through four-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L +or- omega ES , and nine- (795-260 nm) through six-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L - omega ES1 - omega ES2 +or- omega ES3 .
The observation of an atomic wave packet by use of a coherent, nonlinear-optical process is reported. Wave packets formed in K or Rb vapor by two-photon excitation of ns and (n-2)dstates (n=8 for K; n=11 , 12 for Rb) with red (~620-nm) , 80-100-fs pulses were detected by four-wave mixing in pump-probe experiments. The temporal behavior of the wave packet is observed by monitoring the coherent UV radiation generated near the alkali mp(2)P? (2)S(1/2) (7</=m</=12 for Rb; 5</=m</=7 for K) resonance transitions when a probe pulse is scattered by the wave packet established by the earlier (identical) pump pulse. The spatial and spectral characteristics of the UV emission are well described by axially phase-matched four-wave mixing, and all the prominent frequency components of the wave packets are associated with energy differences between pairs of excited states for which Diota=0 or Diota=2 . These results demonstrate that the wave packet modulates chi((3))of the medium, thus rendering the wave packet detectable.
The interaction of a laser with potassium atoms is investigated by monitoring the radiation of the 5P-4S transition under the two-photon 4S(1/2)-6S(1/2) excitation. For low number density and laser intensity the observed radiation is parametric axial or conical, depending on the laser detuning from the two-photon resonance, the number density and the laser intensity. With increasing laser intensities and number densities, an additional delayed component is observed corresponding to a two-step four-wave mixing with the participation of internally generated photons. A two-photon quantum interference effect is observed for the total (axial and conical) parametric four-wave mixing emission. A deviation from the proposed model under certain experimental parameters is attributed to a two-step four-wave mixing and the phase mismatch of the parametric processes.