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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Hysteresis Loop in Current-Voltage Curve for BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 Josephson Junction Array in a Microwave Field

Minoru Ito, Yoichi Enomoto, Minoru Suzuki, T. Murakami, Takahiro Inamura

Published Jun 1, 1982• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The microwave-induced, quantized high dc voltage of about 2 mV across the unbiased BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 Josephson tunnel junction array is observed. The nearly rectangular hysteresis loop due to the voltage generation appears in the current-voltage curve. The induced voltage polarity can easily be switched by an external pulse current input signal of only 50 A/cm2. This voltage switching can probably be exploited in the Josephson junction array as a future logic element.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.21.l375

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The microwave-induced, quantized high dc voltage of about 2 mV across the unbiased BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 Josephson tunnel junction array is observed. The nearly rectangular hysteresis loop due to the voltage generation appears in the current-voltage curve. The induced voltage polarity can easily be switched by an external pulse current input signal of only 50 A/cm2. This voltage switching can probably be exploited in the Josephson junction array as a future logic element.
We have studied the power dependence of the microwave-induced dc voltages across "unbiased" Pb---Pb oxide---Pb Josephson tunnel junctions and found a systematic dependence. We have also found that the Josephson effect in the form of induced quantum voltages was observable in a large dc magnetic field as high as 0.5 kG, about one-half of the Hc2{H}_{c2}Hc2​ of the superconducting Pb film.
Quantized voltage across the unbiased terminals of a bicrystal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 dc SQUID exposed to microwave radiation has been observed at 77 K. Using this voltage as an indication of the microwave power coupled to the junctions, we identified three distinct regions in the I – V curves as the microwave power was tuned, similar to those reported for low- T c SQUID. Pronounced double period steps were observed when the microwave radiation power was high enough to suppress the dc Josephson current completely. Half-integer steps also appeared as the applied dc-magnetic flux was close to half-integers of flux quanta. The experimental phenomenon was explained based on the resistively shunted Josephson junction model.
Voltage pulses with a determined amplitude and width might be the basis for high-precision ac voltage measurements in the future. The pulse width modulation technique makes possible the generation of arbitrary waveforms. In this paper, arrays of SINIS Josephson junctions were investigated which produce a 1 V voltage step under irradiation at a frequency of the order of 70 GHz. This step has an amplitude of 1 mA whereof a region of 0.3 mA overlaps with the critical current. This allows the generation of a 1 V voltage pulse by switching the microwave power at constant dc bias current. The results of this investigation will be presented and also the array parameters which are required for obtaining a relative uncertainty of 0.1 ppm in ac voltage measurements.
We have fabricated an artificial BaPb1- x Bi x O3 grain boundary tunnel junction on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate. Current-voltage characteristics exhibit supercurrent and quasi-particle tunneling which is commonly observed for superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) type junctions. A Shapiro step is observed for a junction with a large area under microwave radiation. On the other hand, microwave-induced dc voltages at zero bias current are observed for a narrow junction. This dependence on the junction width indicates that generation of the microwave-induced voltages is related to normal resistance or capacitance of a junction.
Experimental and theoretical studies are made of the effect of a microwave on dc current-voltage characteristics of long Josephson junctions. In the case of zero external dc current, dc voltages were observed when the microwave was applied to the junctions. By comparing the observed magnetic-field and microwave-power dependences with theoretical results, it is concluded that these dc voltages resulted from vortex motion which was induced by the applied microwave. When the junctions were in a flux-flow state caused by the external current, a good agreement between theory and experiment concerning the microwave-power and magnetic-field dependences of Shapiro steps demonstrates that an almost ideal traveling-wave type coupling between the applied microwave and a moving vortex array took place in the long Josephson junctions.