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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Electromagnetic Coupling Effects in BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 Two-Dimensional Josephson Tunnel Junction Arrays

Kazuyuki Moriwaki, Minoru Suzuki, T. Murakami

Published Mar 1, 1984• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetic coupling effects where remarkable voltage generation was observed have been evidenced between two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays in BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 sputtered films with an intermediate Al2O3 insulation layer. The results indicate that the coherent state is realized and the array becomes superradiative.
DOI
10.1143/jjap.23.l181

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Two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions have been shown to operate in a state in which the microwave oscillations of the junctions are phase-coherent. However, the performance of an array is strongly dependent on both the details of the load-coupling circuit and the characteristic parameters of the junctions. We have measured two-dimensional arrays of resistively shunted Josephson tunnel junctions which are capacitively coupled to a nearby detector junction. Changing the critical current of the junctions in our arrays, while keeping the junction parasitics and array coupling roughly the same, results in an unexpected change in device operation. We have also investigated variations of the coupling circuit. Numerical simulations of the detection circuit enable us to estimate the power output from the array and to optimize the parameters of the system.
A major factor in the practical utilization of any Josephson device for microwave and higher frequency applications (such as the generation and detection of electromagnetic radiation) is the success with which the junction device can be coupled to an external transmission line. As part of an experimental investigation of the electrodynamics of small arrays of Josephson tunnel junctions, the properties of the coherent radiation emitted both by individual junctions and by coupled junction systems have been studied at frequencies between 2 and 12 GHz. Near 9 GHz, more than 10-9 W of coherent radiation has been detected from a single Pb-Pb oxide-Pb junction coupled via waveguide. The development of thin film devices in which the tunnel junctions form part of a microstrip line have made it feasible to observe directly (in a single device) the radiation emitted both at the fundamental geometrical frequency and at the low order harmonics. The observed temperature dependence of the junction cavity Q indicate the low temperature losses are primarily due to cavity loading of the external transmission line.
Coherent emission has been generated by two-dimensional arrays of SIS Josephson junctions and detected in a junction coupled to the array through a dc-blocking capacitor. The detector junction exhibits Shapiro steps at frequencies corresponding to the voltage across single array junctions and ranging from 60 to 210 GHz. The maximum power coupled to the detector junction occurs at 150 GHz and is estimated to be 0.9 μW, based on simulations of the detector circuit. Possible mechanisms for coherent emission from two-dimensional arrays are discussed.
The authors have detected coherent emission from two-dimensional (2D) arrays of superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) Josephson junctions. 2D arrays emit coherent radiation over a frequency range of 60 to 210 GHz, when coupled to detector junctions through DC-blocking capacitors. The detector junctions exhibit Shapiro steps at frequencies corresponding to the voltage across single-array junctions. The maximum power from a 10-by-10 junction-array coupled to a detector junction occurs at 150 GHz and is estimated to be 0.4 mu W, based on simulations of the detector circuit. By varying the number of array junctions, the array geometry, the junction critical current, and the coupling circuit, they have begun determining the essential conditions for observing coherent emission.