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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

The dual-wave optical bistable scheme

Vyacheslav A. Trofimov, Pavel V. Dogadushkin

Published Jan 26, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report about the dual-wave optical bistable scheme realized on the base of light energy absorption by molecular gas. Switching from one state to another takes place due to optical pulse action on one of the frequencies. Under certain conditions after switching of system to the upper state, it remains in this state as much as long. That allows to realize long-time dynamic memory and various logic operations. Using of dual-wave action on molecular gas leads as well to decreasing in tens and hundreds times the intensity at which switching of system takes place. The obtained results can find wider applications, and not only to considered object - molecular gas, since we do not use its specific properties in our report. The results can be applied, for example, to a polymer, that is more preferable to practice.

DOI
10.1117/12.667747

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We report about the dual-wave optical bistable scheme realized on the base of light energy absorption by molecular gas. Switching from one state to another takes place due to optical pulse action on one of the frequencies. Under certain conditions after switching of system to the upper state, it remains in this state as much as long. That allows to realize long-time dynamic memory and various logic operations. Using of dual-wave action on molecular gas leads as well to decreasing in tens and hundreds times the intensity at which switching of system takes place. The obtained results can find wider applications, and not only to considered object - molecular gas, since we do not use its specific properties in our report. The results can be applied, for example, to a polymer, that is more preferable to practice.
An optically bistable two-wave scheme implemented upon absorption of light energy by a molecular gas is proposed. Switching from one state into another is performed by a pulse at one of the two frequency. At the same time, the medium is continuously exposed to light of another frequency. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the system switched to the upper state remains in this state for an arbitrarily long time. This effect makes it possible to implement long-term dynamic memory and logical operations. A two-wave action on a molecular gas also decreases several tens or hundreds of times the intensities necessary for switching a system from one state to another.
The possibility of realizing multistability of states under the action of IR radiation on a molecule under conditions of nonlinear absorption of light energy and dependence of the V-T relaxation time on its vibrational energy is shown. A two-wave optically bistable arrangement potentially having a highly contrasting range of states is proposed. The nonlinear dependence of the V-T relaxation time on the vibrational energy is shown to allow the realization of optical bistability based on the absorption of light energy at the frequency of the fundamental vibrational transition.
The main achievements in our research on the physical phenomena of the excited-state nonlinear absorption in a molecular system and its applications in photonic technology are described. In the first part of this paper, some energy-level models and rate-equations are used to explain various mechanisms of the excited-state nonlinear absorption under different conditions, such as reverse saturable absorption caused by the triplet and/or the singlet excited-state absorption; saturable absorption due to the first and/or the second singlet excited-state absorption; and the excited-state nonlinear absorption induced by two-photon absorption. The experimental results for metal-organic and C 60 materials irradiated by ps and ns laser pulses are consistent with the simulated curves of the transmittance versus fluences. In the second part, the applications of excited-state nonlinear absorption in photonic techniques including optical bistability, optical switching, optical limiting, optical modulation, optical logic and optical storage are introduced. The working principles of the photonic devices based on the excited-state nonlinear absorption are presented. The experimental characteristic curves are found in good agreement with the theoretical simulations for these devices.
The effect of the temperature dependence of the free-electron radiative recombination time on the onset of absorption optical bistability has been considered within the point-charge model. The existence of multistable states and the possibility of reducing by tens of times the switching temperatures and intensities and the differences between their corresponding values have been revealed. This permits one to reduce considerably the energy expended per switching event and, hence, to increase the speed of response of a bistable system.
An optically bistable absorption system involving several feedback loops formed by the lateral supply of a fraction of light energy passed through a semiconductor with single-and two-photon absorption is analyzed. It is shown that multistability can be realized in the case of two-photon absorption. The use of several loops makes it possible to significantly reduce energy expenditures on switching and to reduce the switching time by approximately a factor of 10. A method of switching the system from one state to another by varying the reflectivities of side mirrors is proposed.
We study an optically bistable scheme based on increasing absorption and equipped with multiple lateral feedbacks. These loops appear as a result of partial feeding of the output beam back into the semiconductor crystal through its side surface perpendicularly to the input beam. The cases of one-photon and two-photon absorption are considered. Using the mathematical model of the device we demonstrate bistability and compare two possibilities of switching from one steady state to another. We propose a technique which allows approximately fivefold reduction of the switching time and a decrease of energy consumption as compared with the existing devices based only on the increasing absorption.