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Optics and Spectroscopy

An optically bistable absorption scheme with additional lateral feedback loops

Vyacheslav A. Trofimov, Andrey Shobukhov

Published Apr 1, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An optically bistable absorption system involving several feedback loops formed by the lateral supply of a fraction of light energy passed through a semiconductor with single-and two-photon absorption is analyzed. It is shown that multistability can be realized in the case of two-photon absorption. The use of several loops makes it possible to significantly reduce energy expenditures on switching and to reduce the switching time by approximately a factor of 10. A method of switching the system from one state to another by varying the reflectivities of side mirrors is proposed.

DOI
10.1134/1.1570486

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An optically bistable absorption system involving several feedback loops formed by the lateral supply of a fraction of light energy passed through a semiconductor with single-and two-photon absorption is analyzed. It is shown that multistability can be realized in the case of two-photon absorption. The use of several loops makes it possible to significantly reduce energy expenditures on switching and to reduce the switching time by approximately a factor of 10. A method of switching the system from one state to another by varying the reflectivities of side mirrors is proposed.
We study an optically bistable scheme based on increasing absorption and equipped with multiple lateral feedbacks. These loops appear as a result of partial feeding of the output beam back into the semiconductor crystal through its side surface perpendicularly to the input beam. The cases of one-photon and two-photon absorption are considered. Using the mathematical model of the device we demonstrate bistability and compare two possibilities of switching from one steady state to another. We propose a technique which allows approximately fivefold reduction of the switching time and a decrease of energy consumption as compared with the existing devices based only on the increasing absorption.
We consider an optically bistable scheme based on growing absorption and equipped with an additional lateral feedback loop. Mathematical model of this device is proposed and analyzed. We demonstrate the simultaneous transfer to instability of steady states that belong to upper and lower branches of the bistable media characteristic curve. This stability loss may cause either self-switching of the scheme from one steady state to another or generation of autooscillations. The latter may be used for the formation of pulse sequences with given duration. We show that adding several loops instead of one sufficiently decreases the input intensity, necessary for switching. The role of diffusion processes in pulse formation is discussed, and the spatially non-uniformal stationary solutions are demonstrated.
An optically bistable two-wave scheme implemented upon absorption of light energy by a molecular gas is proposed. Switching from one state into another is performed by a pulse at one of the two frequency. At the same time, the medium is continuously exposed to light of another frequency. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the system switched to the upper state remains in this state for an arbitrarily long time. This effect makes it possible to implement long-term dynamic memory and logical operations. A two-wave action on a molecular gas also decreases several tens or hundreds of times the intensities necessary for switching a system from one state to another.
The effect of the temperature dependence of the free-electron radiative recombination time on the onset of absorption optical bistability has been considered within the point-charge model. The existence of multistable states and the possibility of reducing by tens of times the switching temperatures and intensities and the differences between their corresponding values have been revealed. This permits one to reduce considerably the energy expended per switching event and, hence, to increase the speed of response of a bistable system.
We present a novel approach to achieving intrinsic optical bistability and multistability through the interplay between saturable and reverse saturable absorption. Our findings reveal that the stable points on the optical bistability curve align with the switching points of intensity-dependent nonlinear absorption. By analyzing the optical properties of a four-level cascade quantum system, we demonstrate that these switching behaviors can be triggered by applying laser fields to induce nonlinear absorption. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive model to describe the intensity-dependent nonlinear absorption within this quantum system. Finally, it is shown that the optical bistability switches to the multistability when the detuning of applied fields exceeds the multi-photon resonance condition.
The theory of the optical multistability by two-photon resonant interaction is investigated. The nonlinear medium inside a Fabry-Perot cavity is in two-photon resonance with the laser beam. The two-photon equation of state including dynamical Stark shift and relaxation parameters is obtained and studied under mean-field approximation. The equations for both Fabry-Perot cavity and ring cavity take basically the same form. The physics mechanisms resulting in optical multistability are also studied. It has been shown that the combined effects of Kerr switching and saturation absorption switching can lead to two-photon optical double-bistability, tristability as well as bistability. Furthermore, the criterion conditions under which double-bistability or tristability can occur are given and discussed. Finally, the phase-conjugated reflectivity by two-photon four-wave mixing is also shown to exhibit multistability as well as hysteresis.