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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Bicrystal Josephson junctions and arrays in a Fabry-Perot resonator

Alexander M. Klushin, D. M. Druzhnov, N. Klein

Published Jun 1, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Full frequency locking of an array of 121 Josephson junctions was demonstrated upon millimeter wave irradiation employing a Fabry-Perot resonator at 73 GHz. This result indicates that such arrays exhibit promising properties to be utilized in quantum voltage metrology. On the other hand, the combination of such arrays with THz-Fabry Perot resonators is very challenging for developing Josephson array radiation sources for the THz frequency band.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/281

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Full frequency locking of an array of 121 Josephson junctions was demonstrated upon millimeter wave irradiation employing a Fabry-Perot resonator at 73 GHz. This result indicates that such arrays exhibit promising properties to be utilized in quantum voltage metrology. On the other hand, the combination of such arrays with THz-Fabry Perot resonators is very challenging for developing Josephson array radiation sources for the THz frequency band.
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We explored high-temperature superconductor Josephson junction arrays embedded in a hemispherical Fabry-Perot resonator. We compared the characteristics of three designs of arrays to achieve steps at higher voltage with a better coupling to the millimeter wave irradiation power. With an optimal design, we achieved a maximum Josephson voltage of about 0.1V for an array of 620 bicrystal junctions at a temperature of 79.2K and a frequency of 77.465 GHz. Also steps from 0.01 V up to 0.1 V were observed. Our results showed that such circuits are challenging for applications in quantum voltage metrology. It is important to note that our quasioptical coupling method can be extended up to terahertz frequencies.
The authors have explored the coupling mechanism of a millimeter wave radiation to bicrystal Josephson junction arrays embedded in a hemispherical Fabry-Pérot resonator. The authors have found that their high-temperature superconductor array can be modeled as a thin film grid polarizer. In agreement with this model, a strong dependence of the coupling of the Josephson junctions on the polarization of the electric filed in the resonator was observed. The authors achieved a maximum Josephson voltage of 28mV for an array of 182 bicrystal junctions at a temperature of 75K and a frequency of 74.4GHz.
A new simulation model of the Josephson junction array coupled with a Fabry-Perot resonator is presented in this paper, which considered the excitation of the resonance mode by the array and the influence of the resonance mode on the array. Taking advantage of the new model, we investigate the phase-locking properties of the junctions. The results include the influence of the Q value of the resonator, the strength of the coupling between the junctions and the resonator as well as the number of junctions in the array on the phase locking properties. It is useful in the detection of THz signal and fabrication of THz sources using Josephson junction arrays.
We report on the investigation of the coupling mechanism of a resonant millimeter wave electromagnetic field with bicrystal Josephson junction arrays embedded in a hemispherical Fabry-Perot resonator. We have found that our high-temperature superconductor array can be modeled as a thin film grid polarizer. In agreement with this model a strong dependence of the coupling of the Josephson junctions on the polarization of the electric field in the resonator was measured. Numerical field simulations confirm this model. According to this model, the dimension and interval of the grids and the dimension of the Josephson junctions are optimized by simulations and experiments. After optimized, a maximum Josephson voltage of 28 mV for an array of 182 bicrystal junctions at a temperature of 75 K and a frequency of 74.39 GHz was achieved for the first time. Our coupling method has a strong potential to be used up to terahertz frequencies.
We have explored the coupling mechanism of a millimeter wave radiation to bicrystal Josephson junction arrays embedded in a Fabry–Perot resonator. In order to optimize the system, three-dimensional simulations and relative experiments were performed. By analyzing the results of computer simulations and experiments, we found that the layout of the array and the distance between the array and the plane mirror should minimize the effects on the electrical field E distribution in the fundamental mode of the Fabry–Perot resonator without the sample. In this case, the uniformity of the E field in the bicrystal arrays was demonstrated together with an improvement in the coupling efficiency of the mm wave irradiation to high-temperature superconductor arrays of Josephson junctions.