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Quantum Electronics

On the experimental verification of a hypothesis about the 'megaatom' state in a Bose—Einstein condensate

Лев Абрамович Ривлин

Published Apr 30, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scenario of the experiment on the observation of the specific narrowing of nuclear radiative gamma lines in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) due to the quantum coherence of atoms is proposed which could be used to confirm the appearance of the so-called megaatom state in the BEC. The expected narrowing of the gamma lines can occur due to the motion suppression of individual atoms and partial elimination of the inhomogeneous (Doppler) broadening. Quantitative estimates are performed, in particular, for the case of Mössbauer spectroscopy.

DOI
10.1070/qe2008v038n04abeh013710

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A scenario of the experiment on the observation of the specific narrowing of nuclear radiative gamma lines in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) due to the quantum coherence of atoms is proposed which could be used to confirm the appearance of the so-called megaatom state in the BEC. The expected narrowing of the gamma lines can occur due to the motion suppression of individual atoms and partial elimination of the inhomogeneous (Doppler) broadening. Quantitative estimates are performed, in particular, for the case of Mössbauer spectroscopy.
The unique properties of radiative nuclear gamma transitions in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate, in particular, the efficient suppression of the inhomogeneous broadening of gamma lines related to the translation degrees of freedom of the atoms are theoretically estimated. The effective temperature characterising this broadening proves to be many orders of magnitude lower than the real temperature of the atomic ensemble. The phenomena considered in the paper open up new approaches to the problems of quantum nucleonics, for example, the observation of stimulated gamma radiation of long-lived isomeric nuclei.
The scenario of the experiment on the amplification of gamma rays upon stimulated transitions from metastable states of isomeric nuclei in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) is presented. The experiment involves the successive transport of atoms along the so-called quantum conveyer. It is shown that if the excess broadening of the gamma-ray emission line is eliminated, the total gain G > 1 can be achieved despite the presence of negative factors such as the 'laser lethargy', spontaneous decay of metastable states, etc.
We have identified a mechanism of collective nuclear de-excitation in a Bose–Einstein condensate of 135Cs atoms in their isomeric state, 135mCs, suitable for the generation of coherent gamma photons. The process described here relies on coherence transfer from the Bose–Einstein condensate to the photon field, leading to collective decay triggered by spontaneous emission of a gamma photon. The mechanism differs from single-pass amplification, which cannot occur in atomic systems due to the nuclear recoil and the associated large shift between absorption and emission lines, nor does it require the large densities necessary for standard Dicke super-radiance. This overcomes the limitations that have been hindering the production of coherent gamma photons in many systems. Therefore, we propose an approach for generation of coherent gamma rays, which relies on a combination of well established techniques of nuclear and atomic physics, and can be realized with currently available technology.