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Quantum Electronics

Scenario of the experiment on gamma-ray amplification upon stimulated transitions in isomeric nuclei in a Bose—Einstein condensate

Лев Абрамович Ривлин

Published Sep 30, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The scenario of the experiment on the amplification of gamma rays upon stimulated transitions from metastable states of isomeric nuclei in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) is presented. The experiment involves the successive transport of atoms along the so-called quantum conveyer. It is shown that if the excess broadening of the gamma-ray emission line is eliminated, the total gain G > 1 can be achieved despite the presence of negative factors such as the 'laser lethargy', spontaneous decay of metastable states, etc.

DOI
10.1070/qe2006v036n09abeh013168

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The scenario of the experiment on the amplification of gamma rays upon stimulated transitions from metastable states of isomeric nuclei in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) is presented. The experiment involves the successive transport of atoms along the so-called quantum conveyer. It is shown that if the excess broadening of the gamma-ray emission line is eliminated, the total gain G > 1 can be achieved despite the presence of negative factors such as the 'laser lethargy', spontaneous decay of metastable states, etc.
It is shown that the asymptotic temporal behaviour of the current value of the stimulated emission cross section leads to a complex dynamics of the radiative release of the nuclear energy of long-lived metastable states induced by the external flux of resonance gamma quanta. The stimulated emission cross section of isomeric nuclei in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate becomes sufficient to achieve a comparatively high efficiency of this process, which is manifested in a considerable increase in the decay rate of metastable states.
Nuclear processes can be stimulated by the presence of a macroscopic number of bosons in one of the final states. We describe the conditions necessary to observe the atom-stimulation of a beta decay process. The stimulation may be observable if it becomes possible to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate with the order of 10 14 atoms in a trap. It has recently been noted that the rate of gamma ray emission from a nuclear process can be altered by the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [1]. This process of atom-stimulated photon emission is similar to other proposals involving electronic transitions [2–5], except that it emphasises the fact that any process, including nuclear transtions, may be enhanced. We calculate the stimulation of the emission of a massive particle, in particular a beta particle, and discover that the necessary experimental conditions are less restrictive. The origin of this improvement is that the total momentum kick due to the neutrino and the beta particle may be zero.
The unique properties of radiative nuclear gamma transitions in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate, in particular, the efficient suppression of the inhomogeneous broadening of gamma lines related to the translation degrees of freedom of the atoms are theoretically estimated. The effective temperature characterising this broadening proves to be many orders of magnitude lower than the real temperature of the atomic ensemble. The phenomena considered in the paper open up new approaches to the problems of quantum nucleonics, for example, the observation of stimulated gamma radiation of long-lived isomeric nuclei.
We have identified a mechanism of collective nuclear de-excitation in a Bose–Einstein condensate of 135Cs atoms in their isomeric state, 135mCs, suitable for the generation of coherent gamma photons. The process described here relies on coherence transfer from the Bose–Einstein condensate to the photon field, leading to collective decay triggered by spontaneous emission of a gamma photon. The mechanism differs from single-pass amplification, which cannot occur in atomic systems due to the nuclear recoil and the associated large shift between absorption and emission lines, nor does it require the large densities necessary for standard Dicke super-radiance. This overcomes the limitations that have been hindering the production of coherent gamma photons in many systems. Therefore, we propose an approach for generation of coherent gamma rays, which relies on a combination of well established techniques of nuclear and atomic physics, and can be realized with currently available technology.
A scenario of the experiment on the observation of the specific narrowing of nuclear radiative gamma lines in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) due to the quantum coherence of atoms is proposed which could be used to confirm the appearance of the so-called megaatom state in the BEC. The expected narrowing of the gamma lines can occur due to the motion suppression of individual atoms and partial elimination of the inhomogeneous (Doppler) broadening. Quantitative estimates are performed, in particular, for the case of Mössbauer spectroscopy.