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Quantum Electronics

On radiative nuclear gamma transitions in a Bose—Einstein condensate

Лев Абрамович Ривлин

Published Aug 31, 2004• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The unique properties of radiative nuclear gamma transitions in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate, in particular, the efficient suppression of the inhomogeneous broadening of gamma lines related to the translation degrees of freedom of the atoms are theoretically estimated. The effective temperature characterising this broadening proves to be many orders of magnitude lower than the real temperature of the atomic ensemble. The phenomena considered in the paper open up new approaches to the problems of quantum nucleonics, for example, the observation of stimulated gamma radiation of long-lived isomeric nuclei.

DOI
10.1070/qe2004v034n08abeh002668

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The unique properties of radiative nuclear gamma transitions in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate, in particular, the efficient suppression of the inhomogeneous broadening of gamma lines related to the translation degrees of freedom of the atoms are theoretically estimated. The effective temperature characterising this broadening proves to be many orders of magnitude lower than the real temperature of the atomic ensemble. The phenomena considered in the paper open up new approaches to the problems of quantum nucleonics, for example, the observation of stimulated gamma radiation of long-lived isomeric nuclei.
The evolution of the foreign and native search for solving the problem of a nuclear gamma-ray laser (NGL), which has been attracting attention for almost half a century despite the absence at present of any convincing data about its experimental solution, is considered. It is shown that the key conflict inherent in any conception of the NGL is the antagonism between the necessity to accumulate a sufficient amount of excited nuclei and the requirement to narrow down the emission gamma-ray line to its natural radiative width. The critical analysis of different approaches for solving this conflict (Mössbauer scheme, deeply cooled ensembles of free nuclei with the hidden inversion, nuclear inversionless amplification, two-quantum gamma emission in counterpropagating photon beams, hypothetical amplifying medium of long-lived isomers in a Bose—Einstein condensate) shows that this search is important not only due to the expected result, which could stimulate the development of quantum nucleonics as a new branch in physics, but also is of interest due to a variety of physical disciplines and experimental approaches used in this search.
A scenario of the experiment on the observation of the specific narrowing of nuclear radiative gamma lines in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) due to the quantum coherence of atoms is proposed which could be used to confirm the appearance of the so-called megaatom state in the BEC. The expected narrowing of the gamma lines can occur due to the motion suppression of individual atoms and partial elimination of the inhomogeneous (Doppler) broadening. Quantitative estimates are performed, in particular, for the case of Mössbauer spectroscopy.
This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University as follows: Exploration of methods to control the radiative gamma- processes in nuclei is currently one of the most promising investigation directions of the modern Quantum Nucleonics - a new realm of contemporary Physics which spreads the basic conceptual ideas and methods of optical Quantum Electronics of atoms and molecules to the gamma-ray range and atomic nuclei and even anti-particles. One of the most important problems in this field is the generation of coherent gamma-radiation by a Gamma-ray Lasing (GRL) process which makes use of excited nuclei as an amplifying medium. The most likely medium for gamma-ray lasers is an ensemble of metastable nuclear isomers, Direct excitation of these isomeric states by electrons or X-ray photons will also create a deeper understanding of nuclear structure and properties.