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Quantum Electronics

On the hypothetical giant narrowing of radiative atomic and nuclear lines in a Bose—Einstein condensate

Лев Абрамович Ривлин

Published Jun 30, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of existence of ultranarrow atomic and nuclear radiative lines in a 'megaatom' of a Bose—Einstein condensate in a quantum trap is estimated. This phenomenon is caused by the elimination of the inhomogeneous broadening due to suppression of the random motion of atoms in the condensate resulting from the establishment of the higher-order quantum coherence in it.

DOI
10.1070/qe2009v039n06abeh013827

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The possibility of existence of ultranarrow atomic and nuclear radiative lines in a 'megaatom' of a Bose—Einstein condensate in a quantum trap is estimated. This phenomenon is caused by the elimination of the inhomogeneous broadening due to suppression of the random motion of atoms in the condensate resulting from the establishment of the higher-order quantum coherence in it.
A scenario of the experiment on the observation of the specific narrowing of nuclear radiative gamma lines in a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) due to the quantum coherence of atoms is proposed which could be used to confirm the appearance of the so-called megaatom state in the BEC. The expected narrowing of the gamma lines can occur due to the motion suppression of individual atoms and partial elimination of the inhomogeneous (Doppler) broadening. Quantitative estimates are performed, in particular, for the case of Mössbauer spectroscopy.
The unique properties of radiative nuclear gamma transitions in atoms of a Bose—Einstein condensate, in particular, the efficient suppression of the inhomogeneous broadening of gamma lines related to the translation degrees of freedom of the atoms are theoretically estimated. The effective temperature characterising this broadening proves to be many orders of magnitude lower than the real temperature of the atomic ensemble. The phenomena considered in the paper open up new approaches to the problems of quantum nucleonics, for example, the observation of stimulated gamma radiation of long-lived isomeric nuclei.
The recent realization of Bose–Einstein condensation in atomic gases opens new possibilities for the observation of macroscopic quantum phenomena. There are two important features of these systems — weak interaction and significant spatial inhomogeneity. Because of this a non-trivial 'zeroth-order' theory exists, compared to the 'first-order' Bogolubov theory. The zeroth-order theory is based on the mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii equation for the condensate ψ-function. The equation is classical in its essence but contains the constant explicitly. Phenomena such as collective modes, interference, tunneling, Josephson-like current and quantized vortex lines can be described using this equation. Elementary excitations define the thermodynamic behavior of the system and result in a Landau-type damping of collective modes. Fluctuations of the phase of the condensate wave function restrict the monochromaticity of the Josephson current. Fluctuations of the numbers of quanta result in quantum collapse-revival of the collective oscillations.