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Springer series in electrophysics

Picosecond Switching in Josephson Tunnel Junctions

Roman Sobolewski, Douglas R. Dykaar, T.Y. Hsiang, Gerard A. Mourou

Published Jan 1, 1987• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-72970-6_37

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A versatile current-switched gate is described which consists of two Josephson tunnel junctions and a small resistor in a loop. The directly combined bias and control currents flow through one junction in the zero-voltage state, causing the switching. The second junction and the resistor provide isolation between input and output after switching. The switching speed of a few tens of picoseconds and the microwatt power dissipation are comparable to those of other present designs. The design is particularly simple, compact, and easy to fabricate.
ABSTRACT: Active superconducting circuits based on picoseconds switching, i.e. THz oscillating, Josephson tunnel junctions are expected to find a large domain of applications in spatial sub-millimeter wave and FIR detectors as well as in satellite based wideband signal and data processors. In the first case SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) tunnel junctions are required, while in the second case SNS (superconductor-normal metal-superconductor) self-shunted junctions are preferred. We present the advantages of the nitride junction technology currently developed at CEA-Grenoble, based on high-performance MTS (medium temperature superconductor) NbN films in both SIS and SNS junctions. In the SIS case the device performances rely on a sputter deposited and post-annealed, only 0.5-0.7 nm thick, dielectric MgO barrier. This leads to junctions with a Josephson critical current in the range of 10-25 kA/cm, and a large superconducting energy gap (> 5 meV) associated with a low sub-gap quasi-particle leakage current. These parameters are suitable for low “noise temperature ” heterodyne mixers, local oscillators, and integrated receivers in the 0.8 to 1.4 THz frequency range. In the SNS case, a new
A Josephson junction modeled by the phenomenological current relation together with internal resistance can exhibit pulses in the voltage across the junction when driven by an oscillating current source. These pulses occur singly, in pairs, triplets, etc. with a repetition rate equal to twice the driving frequency. The inclusion of capacitance and inductance generally degrades the pulse characteristics, but attainable values for tunnel junctions are tolerable, with typical parameter values, the pulses have picosecond widths. The phenomenological model becomes suspect on such time scales, however, because typical gap frequencies are just under 1012Hz. Preliminary studies based on the microscopic tunnel-junction theory nevertheless show results qualitatively similar to those of the Phenomenological model. The effects of resistor noise and current noise have also been studied. It is concluded that well developed ps voltage pulses can be created in physical Josephson junctions.