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Security and Communication Networks

Securing wireless communications in transmit‐beamforming systems by precoding jamming noise signals

Shichuan Ma, Michael Hempel, Yaoqing Lamar Yang, Hamid Sharif

Published Nov 8, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Information transmission in wireless communication systems is traditionally protected by cryptographic techniques at the higher layers. Recently, a method of physical layer security has attracted much attention because it can potentially provide lower probability of interception of the signals at the eavesdroppers and hence augment the link security in addition to the conventional encryptions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to securing transmit‐beamforming systems by using uniquely designed jamming noise signal, which can significantly degrade the signal quality at the eavesdropper but not at the intended receiver. The jamming noise signal is generated from the null space of the channel matrix. An eigenvector‐based implementation of this theoretical method is also provided. Unlike previous physical layer security methods, the proposed approach can provide secure communications over systems with arbitrary antenna configurations. Our proposed method offers more degrees of freedom to generate the jamming noise signal, resulting in the eavesdropper being unable to decode the information signals. Moreover, the eavesdropper cannot influence the system secrecy capacity by employing more antennas or by moving close to the transmitter. Simulation results show that the secrecy capacity increases significantly, by about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 × 4 antenna configuration, under typical transmit power constraints. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI
10.1002/sec.389

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ABSTRACT Information transmission in wireless communication systems is traditionally protected by cryptographic techniques at the higher layers. Recently, a method of physical layer security has attracted much attention because it can potentially provide lower probability of interception of the signals at the eavesdroppers and hence augment the link security in addition to the conventional encryptions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to securing transmit‐beamforming systems by using uniquely designed jamming noise signal, which can significantly degrade the signal quality at the eavesdropper but not at the intended receiver. The jamming noise signal is generated from the null space of the channel matrix. An eigenvector‐based implementation of this theoretical method is also provided. Unlike previous physical layer security methods, the proposed approach can provide secure communications over systems with arbitrary antenna configurations. Our proposed method offers more degrees of freedom to generate the jamming noise signal, resulting in the eavesdropper being unable to decode the information signals. Moreover, the eavesdropper cannot influence the system secrecy capacity by employing more antennas or by moving close to the transmitter. Simulation results show that the secrecy capacity increases significantly, by about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 × 4 antenna configuration, under typical transmit power constraints. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach for providing secure wireless communications in transmit-receive diversity systems. In this approach, we precode the information-bearing signal with a uniquely generated randomized eigenvector-based jamming signal to impair the eavesdropper's received signal, while the main channel, the link between the transmitter and the desired receiver, remains unaffected. Unlike existing methods, our approach can be applied to any antenna array configuration, even when the receiver and eavesdropper utilize more antennas than the transmitter, with no benefits to the eavesdropper's information detection capability from employing more antenna elements. Moreover, our proposed approach can provide more degrees of freedom for the jamming signal, significantly increasing the provided level of security. Additionally, our scheme does not assume any knowledge about the eavesdropper or even the number of collaborating eavesdroppers. Our simulation results show a secrecy capacity increase of about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 x 4 antenna configuration under typical transmit power constraints, which results in significant improvement in security performance and enables physically secure wireless communications.
Security and privacy are major concerns in any wireless communication system. Physical layer security is an information-theoretic perspective which overcomes any limitations of traditional security algorithms. Cooperative jamming is a security scheme in which a jamming signal degrades the eavesdropper-channel but does not affect the channel of the intended receiver, thus allowing transmission of confidential messages. This paper considers a hybrid combination of an uncoordinated jamming approach, called local nulling, and transmit beamforming, showing an increased secrecy rate performance. The scheme is analyzed under different conditions including the case of increased number of eavesdropper antennas.
An effective method was recently proposed to increase secrecy capacity in MIMO wireless communication systems. By adding artificially generated noise signal into the information-bearing signal, this method can degrade the eavesdropper's receiving signal, but does not affect the desired receiver. This method, however, can only be used in systems where the transmit antenna has more elements than the receive antenna. In this paper, we present a novel noise signal generation approach to enable secure wireless communications in a transmit-receive diversity system. In this approach, we generate our jamming noise signal based on the null space of an equivalent channel of the system. The presented wireless security mechanism can be applied to systems with arbitrary antenna configurations, unlike existing methods that only work for specific array configurations. In addition, the eavesdropper cannot increase its information detection capability by employing more antenna elements. With this scheme, we also enable more degrees of freedom for selecting parameters for jamming noise signal generation, making the decoding at the eavesdropper even harder due to the increased search space. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed method in an urban macro cellular environment using the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) spatial channel model. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase secrecy capacity, which is independent of the eavesdropper's position and the element number of its antenna.
For physical layer security with multiple antennas over wireless channels, we consider an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming system. A transmitter can send the confidential information to the legitimate user more securely without eavesdropping when an artificial jamming signal interfering eavesdroppers is transmitted with the confidential information signal. The transmitter splits its transmit power for both the information and jamming signals with a power splitting factor. Under such a system model, we investigate the impacts on secrecy performance of a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers, and noise variance at the legitimate receivers and eavesdroppers by analyzing the expected secrecy rate. The optimal power splitting factor and limiting secrecy rate with large number of antennas are also derived. Moreover, we examine the expected secrecy rate loss caused by channel variation over time. It is shown that the secrecy rate loss is independent of system parameters like a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers in a high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) region. In a low SINR region, on the other hand, the secrecy rate loss changes with system parameters. Simulation results verify these observations on ergodic secrecy rate and its loss due to time-varying channels.
Physical layer security is a promising technique for information security. In multi-antenna systems, secure transmission designs are of crucial importance for physical layer security. In this thesis, our research focuses on the secure transmission designs for jamming signal aided multi-antenna systems. We first investigate robust secure transmission designs for a cooperative jamming aided multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system. Two scenarios are considered: (a) eavesdroppers' channel state information (ECSI) is available and (b) ECSI is unavailable. In scenario (a), a quality-of-service (QoS)-based design is considered to minimize the worst case signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio at the eavesdroppers. A secrecy rate based design is also studied. In scenario (b), a QoS-based design is considered to maximize the power of jamming signals, and the secrecy rate based design is not applicable. We propose an algorithm for each design problem through semidefinite relaxation. Our analysis shows that, even though the beamforming scheme in our designs is fixed as single stream beamforming, this does not cause any loss of optimality. We further consider secure transmission designs for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer enabled MISO heterogeneous cellular network. In the considered system, all base stations (BSs) send confidential messages to information receivers and energy signals to energy receivers (ERs). BSs collaboratively utilize the energy signals as jamming signals to cripple ERs' interceptions. We propose a sum logarithmic secrecy rate maximization design problem. To tackle the design problem, we propose a semidefinite relaxation and successive convex approximation based centralized secure transmission design algorithm. Moreover, an alternating direction method of multipliers based distributed secure transmission design is also proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Secure transmission is designed for a cooperative jamming aided MISO non-orthogonal multiple access system. We consider an outage constrained secure transmission design problem under the assumption that only statistical ECSI is available. In the design problem, the minimum probabilistic secrecy rate is maximized. Based on 0-norm and the path-following approach, we develop an algorithm to find a solution to the design problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the secrecy outage probability can be guaranteed through the proposed secure transmission design algorithm.
Physical layer security (PLS) has grown in popularity as it guarantees secure and reliable communication between wireless devices without restricting the ability of data analysts to eavesdrop. PLS benefits from the randomization property of the wireless channel, which improves immunity and protects against many dangers of information breaches from eavesdroppers. MIMO and Massive MIMO, which use numerous antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends, are fundamental technologies for improving efficiency in 5G and future network systems. The PLS still requires a significant amount of work before it can be employed in practical systems. The interception of eavesdroppers can be made difficult by adding artificial noise. This paper focuses on the physical layer security considering maximal ratio combining, and artificial noise with beamforming techniques to further enhance the secrecy rate. The proposed work demonstrates that the use of transmitter beamforming with artificial noise can significantly improve the degree of confidentiality of information being transmitted between a transmitter and an intended receiver while making it more difficult for eavesdroppers to intercept. The simulation results in terms of bit error rate show that the proposed method has a significant impact on the error rate performance of the eavesdropper.