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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

Wireless Secure Communication With Beamforming and Jamming in Time-Varying Wiretap Channels

Heejung Yu, Taejoon Kim, Hamid Jafarkhani

Published Feb 26, 2018• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For physical layer security with multiple antennas over wireless channels, we consider an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming system. A transmitter can send the confidential information to the legitimate user more securely without eavesdropping when an artificial jamming signal interfering eavesdroppers is transmitted with the confidential information signal. The transmitter splits its transmit power for both the information and jamming signals with a power splitting factor. Under such a system model, we investigate the impacts on secrecy performance of a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers, and noise variance at the legitimate receivers and eavesdroppers by analyzing the expected secrecy rate. The optimal power splitting factor and limiting secrecy rate with large number of antennas are also derived. Moreover, we examine the expected secrecy rate loss caused by channel variation over time. It is shown that the secrecy rate loss is independent of system parameters like a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers in a high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) region. In a low SINR region, on the other hand, the secrecy rate loss changes with system parameters. Simulation results verify these observations on ergodic secrecy rate and its loss due to time-varying channels.

DOI
10.1109/tifs.2018.2809695

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For physical layer security with multiple antennas over wireless channels, we consider an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming system. A transmitter can send the confidential information to the legitimate user more securely without eavesdropping when an artificial jamming signal interfering eavesdroppers is transmitted with the confidential information signal. The transmitter splits its transmit power for both the information and jamming signals with a power splitting factor. Under such a system model, we investigate the impacts on secrecy performance of a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers, and noise variance at the legitimate receivers and eavesdroppers by analyzing the expected secrecy rate. The optimal power splitting factor and limiting secrecy rate with large number of antennas are also derived. Moreover, we examine the expected secrecy rate loss caused by channel variation over time. It is shown that the secrecy rate loss is independent of system parameters like a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers in a high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) region. In a low SINR region, on the other hand, the secrecy rate loss changes with system parameters. Simulation results verify these observations on ergodic secrecy rate and its loss due to time-varying channels.
For secured transmission over wireless channels, a beamforming technique of information and jamming signals based on channel state information is considered. By beamforming and splitting the transmission power for both sending information to the target receiver and interfering the eavesdroppers, the secured communication can be achieved. Because the beamforming vectors for information and jamming signals are calculated with channel information of the target receiver, the channel variation can cause the loss of the expected secrecy rate. In this paper, this rate loss is analyzed in high signal to noise ratio (SNR) region. It is verified that the analyzed upper bound behaves similarly the exact one with respect to both SNR and mobile speed with a constant gap.
This paper examines linear beamforming methods for secure communications in a multiuser wiretap channel with a single transmitter, multiple legitimate receivers, and a single eavesdropper, where all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. No information regarding the eavesdropper is presumed at the transmitter, and we examine both the broadcast MIMO downlink with independent information, and the multicast MIMO downlink with common information for all legitimate receivers. In both cases the information signal is transmitted with just enough power to guarantee a certain SINR at the desired receivers, while the remainder of the power is used to broadcast artificial noise. The artificial interference selectively degrades the passive eavesdropper's signal while remaining orthogonal to the desired receivers. We analyze the confidentiality provided by zero-forcing and optimal minimum-power beamforming designs for the broadcast channel, and optimal minimum-MSE beamformers for the multicast channel. Numerical simulations for the relative SINR and BER performance of the eavesdropper demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed physical-layer security schemes.
For physical-layer security with multiple antennas, artificial noise (AN) aided secure beamforming scheme is considered. An ergodic secrecy rate considering a channel-feedback mechanism and channel estimation is derived. In this formula, two power-splitting factors in the training and data parts (one is between a training signal and AN, and the other between an information signal and AN) are included. In a high signal-to-noise ratio region, the power-splitting factors, which maximize the approximated ergodic secrecy rate, are derived. An alternative optimization process is proposed to obtain the convergent solutions. The asymptotic characteristics of the secrecy rate and power-splitting factors are analyzed.
Artificial noise (AN)-aided techniques have been considered to be promising and practical candidates for enhancing physical layer security. However, there has been a lack of analysis regarding the AN effect on the eavesdropper (EV) from the perspective of the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) regarding the existence of the EV’s channel state information (CSI) at the legitimate transmitter. In this paper, we analyze the performance of AN-aided secure transmission from the SINR perspective when a legitimate transmitter has and does not have the EV’s CSI. Based on the analyzed EV’s SINRs for the above two cases, the secrecy gap, which is the difference between the two secrecy capacities, is defined and analyzed. Based on the derived secrecy gap, we have analyzed the asymptotic performances of the secrecy capacity and gap when the number of antennas of the legitimate transmitter and the number of antennas of the EV have large values. Through asymptotic analysis, it is demonstrated that the AN-aided secure transmission under the practical environment (i.e., the case that the EV’s CSI is not available at the legitimate transmitter) can nearly achieve an ideal performance (i.e., the performance when the EV’s CSI is available at the legitimate transmitter) in a massive antenna system.
We consider the problem of secure communication in wireless fading channels in the presence of quantized version of the receivers channel sate information at transmit side. The transmitter has multiple antennas and is able to simultaneously transmits an information bearing signal and artificial noise. For general values of signal to noise ratio (SNR), we obtain the exact closed-form expression for the distribution function of output signal to interference plus noise ratio at the legitimate receiver and a lower bound of the ergodic secrecy capacity can be obtain by using simple numerical integration. For the interference-limited case, we obtained a closed-form expression for a lower bound of secrecy capacity. Our results apply to arbitrary number of antennas and number of feedback bits. The analytical and numerical results show that the ergodic secrecy capacity lower bound approaches to a constant as the SNR of system grows large. In addition, we find that, for system with reasonable number of feedback bits, the optimal power allocation strategy should allocate most of the available power to the information signal.
This paper studies secure wireless transmission from a multi-antenna transmitter to a single-antenna intended receiver overheard by multiple eavesdroppers with considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of wiretap channel.To enhance security of communication link, the artificial noise (AN) is generated at transmitter.We first design the robust joint optimal beamforming of secret signal and AN to minimize transmit power with constraints of security quality of service (QoS), i.e., minimum allowable signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at receiver and maximum tolerable SINR at eavesdroppers.The formulated design problem is shown to be nonconvex and we transfer it into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique is used and the approximated method is proved to solve the original problem exactly.To verify the robustness and tightness of proposed beamforming, we also provide a method to calculate the worst-case SINR at eavesdroppers for a designed transmit scheme using semidefinite programming (SDP).Additionally, the secrecy rate maximization is explored for fixed total transmit power.To tackle the nonconvexity of original formulation, we develop an iterative approach employing sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA).The simulation results illustrate that the proposed robust transmit schemes can effectively improve the transmit performance.