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International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks

Secure communication with beamforming and jamming in time-varying channels

Heejung Yu, Waqas Khalid

Published Jul 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For secured transmission over wireless channels, a beamforming technique of information and jamming signals based on channel state information is considered. By beamforming and splitting the transmission power for both sending information to the target receiver and interfering the eavesdroppers, the secured communication can be achieved. Because the beamforming vectors for information and jamming signals are calculated with channel information of the target receiver, the channel variation can cause the loss of the expected secrecy rate. In this paper, this rate loss is analyzed in high signal to noise ratio (SNR) region. It is verified that the analyzed upper bound behaves similarly the exact one with respect to both SNR and mobile speed with a constant gap.

DOI
10.1109/icufn.2016.7537020

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For secured transmission over wireless channels, a beamforming technique of information and jamming signals based on channel state information is considered. By beamforming and splitting the transmission power for both sending information to the target receiver and interfering the eavesdroppers, the secured communication can be achieved. Because the beamforming vectors for information and jamming signals are calculated with channel information of the target receiver, the channel variation can cause the loss of the expected secrecy rate. In this paper, this rate loss is analyzed in high signal to noise ratio (SNR) region. It is verified that the analyzed upper bound behaves similarly the exact one with respect to both SNR and mobile speed with a constant gap.
For physical layer security with multiple antennas over wireless channels, we consider an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming system. A transmitter can send the confidential information to the legitimate user more securely without eavesdropping when an artificial jamming signal interfering eavesdroppers is transmitted with the confidential information signal. The transmitter splits its transmit power for both the information and jamming signals with a power splitting factor. Under such a system model, we investigate the impacts on secrecy performance of a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers, and noise variance at the legitimate receivers and eavesdroppers by analyzing the expected secrecy rate. The optimal power splitting factor and limiting secrecy rate with large number of antennas are also derived. Moreover, we examine the expected secrecy rate loss caused by channel variation over time. It is shown that the secrecy rate loss is independent of system parameters like a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers in a high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) region. In a low SINR region, on the other hand, the secrecy rate loss changes with system parameters. Simulation results verify these observations on ergodic secrecy rate and its loss due to time-varying channels.
Security and privacy are major concerns in any wireless communication system. Physical layer security is an information-theoretic perspective which overcomes any limitations of traditional security algorithms. Cooperative jamming is a security scheme in which a jamming signal degrades the eavesdropper-channel but does not affect the channel of the intended receiver, thus allowing transmission of confidential messages. This paper considers a hybrid combination of an uncoordinated jamming approach, called local nulling, and transmit beamforming, showing an increased secrecy rate performance. The scheme is analyzed under different conditions including the case of increased number of eavesdropper antennas.
Robust quality-of-service (QoS)-based and secrecy rate-based secure transmission designs are investigated for a multiple-input single-output system with multiple eavesdroppers and a cooperative jammer. Two scenarios are considered: (a) eavesdroppers' channel state information (ECSI) is available and (b) ECSI is unavailable. In scenario (a), a QoS-based design is considered to minimize the worst case signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio at the eavesdroppers and to guarantee the QoS of the legitimate receiver. A secrecy rate-based design is also studied where the worst case secrecy rate is maximized. In scenario (b), a QoS-based design is considered to maximize the power of jamming signals under the QoS constraint of the legitimate receiver, and the secrecy rate-based design is not applicable. In all these designs, we jointly optimize the transmit beamforming vector and the covariance matrix of jamming signals under individual power constraints. As the optimization problems are non-convex, we propose an algorithm for each problem through semidefinite relaxation. Our analysis and simulation results show that, even though the linear precoding scheme in our designs is transmit beamforming rather than the general rank transmit covariance, this does not cause any loss of optimality.
ABSTRACT Information transmission in wireless communication systems is traditionally protected by cryptographic techniques at the higher layers. Recently, a method of physical layer security has attracted much attention because it can potentially provide lower probability of interception of the signals at the eavesdroppers and hence augment the link security in addition to the conventional encryptions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to securing transmit‐beamforming systems by using uniquely designed jamming noise signal, which can significantly degrade the signal quality at the eavesdropper but not at the intended receiver. The jamming noise signal is generated from the null space of the channel matrix. An eigenvector‐based implementation of this theoretical method is also provided. Unlike previous physical layer security methods, the proposed approach can provide secure communications over systems with arbitrary antenna configurations. Our proposed method offers more degrees of freedom to generate the jamming noise signal, resulting in the eavesdropper being unable to decode the information signals. Moreover, the eavesdropper cannot influence the system secrecy capacity by employing more antennas or by moving close to the transmitter. Simulation results show that the secrecy capacity increases significantly, by about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 × 4 antenna configuration, under typical transmit power constraints. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical layer security is a promising technique for information security. In multi-antenna systems, secure transmission designs are of crucial importance for physical layer security. In this thesis, our research focuses on the secure transmission designs for jamming signal aided multi-antenna systems. We first investigate robust secure transmission designs for a cooperative jamming aided multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system. Two scenarios are considered: (a) eavesdroppers' channel state information (ECSI) is available and (b) ECSI is unavailable. In scenario (a), a quality-of-service (QoS)-based design is considered to minimize the worst case signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio at the eavesdroppers. A secrecy rate based design is also studied. In scenario (b), a QoS-based design is considered to maximize the power of jamming signals, and the secrecy rate based design is not applicable. We propose an algorithm for each design problem through semidefinite relaxation. Our analysis shows that, even though the beamforming scheme in our designs is fixed as single stream beamforming, this does not cause any loss of optimality. We further consider secure transmission designs for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer enabled MISO heterogeneous cellular network. In the considered system, all base stations (BSs) send confidential messages to information receivers and energy signals to energy receivers (ERs). BSs collaboratively utilize the energy signals as jamming signals to cripple ERs' interceptions. We propose a sum logarithmic secrecy rate maximization design problem. To tackle the design problem, we propose a semidefinite relaxation and successive convex approximation based centralized secure transmission design algorithm. Moreover, an alternating direction method of multipliers based distributed secure transmission design is also proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Secure transmission is designed for a cooperative jamming aided MISO non-orthogonal multiple access system. We consider an outage constrained secure transmission design problem under the assumption that only statistical ECSI is available. In the design problem, the minimum probabilistic secrecy rate is maximized. Based on 0-norm and the path-following approach, we develop an algorithm to find a solution to the design problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the secrecy outage probability can be guaranteed through the proposed secure transmission design algorithm.
In this paper, we consider a joint beamforming and jamming design to enhance physical layer security against potential multiple eavesdroppers in a multiple-input and single-output cellular broadcast channel. With perfect channel state information at the base station, we propose various design approaches to improve the secrecy of the target user. Among the proposed approaches, the combined beamforming of maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing transmission with a combination of maximum ratio jamming and zero-forcing jamming ( with ) shows the best security performance because it utilizes the full transmit antenna dimensions for beamforming and jamming with an efficient power allocation. The simulation results show that the secrecy rate of this particular proposed approach is better than the rates of the considered conventional approaches with quality-of-service and outage probability constraints.