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Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security

A new approach to null space-based noise signal generation for secure wireless communications in transmit-receive diversity systems

Shichuan Ma, Michael Hempel, Yaoqing Lamar Yang, Hamid Sharif

Published Jun 1, 2010• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An effective method was recently proposed to increase secrecy capacity in MIMO wireless communication systems. By adding artificially generated noise signal into the information-bearing signal, this method can degrade the eavesdropper's receiving signal, but does not affect the desired receiver. This method, however, can only be used in systems where the transmit antenna has more elements than the receive antenna. In this paper, we present a novel noise signal generation approach to enable secure wireless communications in a transmit-receive diversity system. In this approach, we generate our jamming noise signal based on the null space of an equivalent channel of the system. The presented wireless security mechanism can be applied to systems with arbitrary antenna configurations, unlike existing methods that only work for specific array configurations. In addition, the eavesdropper cannot increase its information detection capability by employing more antenna elements. With this scheme, we also enable more degrees of freedom for selecting parameters for jamming noise signal generation, making the decoding at the eavesdropper even harder due to the increased search space. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed method in an urban macro cellular environment using the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) spatial channel model. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase secrecy capacity, which is independent of the eavesdropper's position and the element number of its antenna.

DOI
10.1109/wcins.2010.5541809

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An effective method was recently proposed to increase secrecy capacity in MIMO wireless communication systems. By adding artificially generated noise signal into the information-bearing signal, this method can degrade the eavesdropper's receiving signal, but does not affect the desired receiver. This method, however, can only be used in systems where the transmit antenna has more elements than the receive antenna. In this paper, we present a novel noise signal generation approach to enable secure wireless communications in a transmit-receive diversity system. In this approach, we generate our jamming noise signal based on the null space of an equivalent channel of the system. The presented wireless security mechanism can be applied to systems with arbitrary antenna configurations, unlike existing methods that only work for specific array configurations. In addition, the eavesdropper cannot increase its information detection capability by employing more antenna elements. With this scheme, we also enable more degrees of freedom for selecting parameters for jamming noise signal generation, making the decoding at the eavesdropper even harder due to the increased search space. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed method in an urban macro cellular environment using the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) spatial channel model. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase secrecy capacity, which is independent of the eavesdropper's position and the element number of its antenna.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach for providing secure wireless communications in transmit-receive diversity systems. In this approach, we precode the information-bearing signal with a uniquely generated randomized eigenvector-based jamming signal to impair the eavesdropper's received signal, while the main channel, the link between the transmitter and the desired receiver, remains unaffected. Unlike existing methods, our approach can be applied to any antenna array configuration, even when the receiver and eavesdropper utilize more antennas than the transmitter, with no benefits to the eavesdropper's information detection capability from employing more antenna elements. Moreover, our proposed approach can provide more degrees of freedom for the jamming signal, significantly increasing the provided level of security. Additionally, our scheme does not assume any knowledge about the eavesdropper or even the number of collaborating eavesdroppers. Our simulation results show a secrecy capacity increase of about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 x 4 antenna configuration under typical transmit power constraints, which results in significant improvement in security performance and enables physically secure wireless communications.
ABSTRACT Information transmission in wireless communication systems is traditionally protected by cryptographic techniques at the higher layers. Recently, a method of physical layer security has attracted much attention because it can potentially provide lower probability of interception of the signals at the eavesdroppers and hence augment the link security in addition to the conventional encryptions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to securing transmit‐beamforming systems by using uniquely designed jamming noise signal, which can significantly degrade the signal quality at the eavesdropper but not at the intended receiver. The jamming noise signal is generated from the null space of the channel matrix. An eigenvector‐based implementation of this theoretical method is also provided. Unlike previous physical layer security methods, the proposed approach can provide secure communications over systems with arbitrary antenna configurations. Our proposed method offers more degrees of freedom to generate the jamming noise signal, resulting in the eavesdropper being unable to decode the information signals. Moreover, the eavesdropper cannot influence the system secrecy capacity by employing more antennas or by moving close to the transmitter. Simulation results show that the secrecy capacity increases significantly, by about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 × 4 antenna configuration, under typical transmit power constraints. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent research on the physical layer security of wireless systems focuses on artificial noise (AN) aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on a hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receive antennas. Under this assumption, the system can utilize all eigensubchannels, equal to the number of the receive antennas, to send secret messages. The remaining null spaces are used for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than the number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. This paper extends this strategy to Rician channels using the complex non-central Wishart distribution. A closed form expression for secrecy capacity of such system is computed using majorization theory. Performance of a MIMO communication system in Rician fading environment is simulated and effect of the Rician factor on secrecy capacity is studied. The same approach is then extended to decode and forward relay network. Secrecy capacity of the said network is computed, and the effect of AN is studied using the same methodology.
Recent research on physical security of wireless systems focus on artificial noise aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on an hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receiver antennas. Under this assumption the system can utilize all eigen-subchannels, equal to number of receiver antennas, of a MIMO system to send messages, and use remaining null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. In this paper, this strategy has been extended to Rician channels. The transmitter-receiver link is supposed to be effected by Rician fading while the illegitimate link is experiencing Rayleigh fading and consequently the secrecy capacity of such system is computed.
Abstract — The problem of secret communication between two nodes over a wireless link is considered, where a passive eavesdropper may overhear the communication. It is desired that the eavesdropper be unable to decode the message. We show that secrecy can be achieved by adding artificially generated noise to the information bearing signal such that it does not degrade the intended receiver’s channel. We consider two different scenarios; one in which the transmitter has multiple transmit antennas and the other in which the transmitter has a single antenna but ‘helper ’ nodes are available. In the multiple antenna scenario, the degrees of freedom provided by the multiple antennas is used to generate noise intelligently so that it degrades only the eavesdropper’s channel. In the multiple helper scenario, even though the transmitter does not have multiple antennas, the helper nodes simulate the effect of multiple antennas and allow the transmitter to generate artificial noise as in the previous case.
Security is one of the major issues in wireless communication system. In a wireless communication system as the transmission of information signal is over the air, eavesdroppers may have easy access to the transmitted data. The conventional network security mainly depends on cryptographic schemes. But as the security level increases, computational complexity will be high and cause complex key management problems. In this paper, the problem of secret communication between two nodes in the presence of a passive eavesdropper is considered. In general, nodes with multiple transmit antenna elements can ensure secure communication using directional antenna. In this paper, MIMO channel with multiple transmit antenna elements utilize fraction of the available power to produce „artificial noise‟ for the improvement of secure communication. The artificial noise is generated by the transmitter in such away that it degrades only the eavesdropper‟s channel. The various performance metrics such as bit error rate, channel capacity, optimal power allocation and secrecy rate were analyzed in the presence of non-colluding and colluding eavesdroppers. The obtained simulation results are compared with the existing work that does not use artificial noise. It is inferred from the results that the proposed work achieves improved secrecy rate than the existing work.