Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Access

Secrecy Capacity of Artificial Noise Aided Secure Communication in MIMO Rician Channels

Mansoor Ahmed, Lin Bai

Published Jan 1, 2018• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent research on the physical layer security of wireless systems focuses on artificial noise (AN) aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on a hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receive antennas. Under this assumption, the system can utilize all eigensubchannels, equal to the number of the receive antennas, to send secret messages. The remaining null spaces are used for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than the number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. This paper extends this strategy to Rician channels using the complex non-central Wishart distribution. A closed form expression for secrecy capacity of such system is computed using majorization theory. Performance of a MIMO communication system in Rician fading environment is simulated and effect of the Rician factor on secrecy capacity is studied. The same approach is then extended to decode and forward relay network. Secrecy capacity of the said network is computed, and the effect of AN is studied using the same methodology.

DOI
10.1109/access.2018.2804924

Related papers

Secrecy capacity of artificial noise aided Rician/Rayleigh MIMO channels

Mansoor Ahmed, Lin Bai

Recent research on physical security of wireless systems focus on artificial noise aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on an hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receiver antennas. Under this assumption the system can utilize all eigen-subchannels, equal to number of receiver antennas, of a MIMO system to send messages, and use remaining null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. In this paper, this strategy has been extended to Rician channels. The transmitter-receiver link is supposed to be effected by Rician fading while the illegitimate link is experiencing Rayleigh fading and consequently the secrecy capacity of such system is computed.

IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)•Oct 1, 2017•1 citation

Secrecy Capacity Analysis of Artificial Noisy MIMO Channels—An Approach Based on Ordered Eigenvalues of Wishart Matrices

Yiliang Liu, Hsiao‐Hwa Chen, Liangmin Wang

Artificial noise (AN) can be used to confuse eavesdroppers in a physical layer security system. One of the main issues concerned in AN schemes is how to improve secrecy capacities. Most existing AN schemes were proposed based on an assumption that the number of transmit antennas t is larger than that of receiver antennas r, such that they can utilize all r eigen-subchannels of a multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) system to send messages, and use remaining t - r null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out legitimate receivers and degrade eavesdropper channels. However, transmitting messages in all eigen-subchannels is not always a good strategy. In particular, when the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than those of receivers, the secrecy capacities of legitimate receivers will be impaired significantly if using all eigen-subchannels for message transmission. To improve secrecy capacity, we propose an AN scheme where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining t - s spaces. We derive the average secrecy capacity of a single-user MIMO wiretap channel in the presence of an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. We show that the numerical results are in a good agreement with simulation results. The secrecy capacity of the proposed AN scheme can be improved by approximately 20% ~ 40% if compared with existing AN schemes.

IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security•Nov 9, 2016•44 citations

Artificial Noisy MIMO Systems Under Correlated Scattering Rayleigh Fading—A Physical Layer Security Approach

Yiliang Liu, Hsiao‐Hwa Chen, Liangmin Wang +1 more

The existing investigations on artificial noise (AN) security systems assumed that only null spaces are used to send AN signals, and all eigen-subchannels should be used to transmit messages. Our previous work proposed an AN scheme that allocates some of eigen-subchannels to transmit AN signals for improving secrecy rates. Nevertheless, our previous work considered only uncorrelated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. In fact, the correlations among antennas exist in realistic scattering channel environments. In this paper, we extend our previous AN scheme to spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels at both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper sides and derive an exact theoretical expression for the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme, along with an approximate analysis. Both numerical and simulation results show that the proposed AN scheme offers a higher ergodic secrecy rate than the existing schemes, revealing a fact that the correlation among eavesdropper's antennas can potentially improve the secrecy rate of an MIMO system.

arXiv:1906.04289•IEEE Systems Journal•Jul 7, 2019•23 citations

A new approach to null space-based noise signal generation for secure wireless communications in transmit-receive diversity systems

Shichuan Ma, Michael Hempel, Yaoqing Lamar Yang +1 more

An effective method was recently proposed to increase secrecy capacity in MIMO wireless communication systems. By adding artificially generated noise signal into the information-bearing signal, this method can degrade the eavesdropper's receiving signal, but does not affect the desired receiver. This method, however, can only be used in systems where the transmit antenna has more elements than the receive antenna. In this paper, we present a novel noise signal generation approach to enable secure wireless communications in a transmit-receive diversity system. In this approach, we generate our jamming noise signal based on the null space of an equivalent channel of the system. The presented wireless security mechanism can be applied to systems with arbitrary antenna configurations, unlike existing methods that only work for specific array configurations. In addition, the eavesdropper cannot increase its information detection capability by employing more antenna elements. With this scheme, we also enable more degrees of freedom for selecting parameters for jamming noise signal generation, making the decoding at the eavesdropper even harder due to the increased search space. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed method in an urban macro cellular environment using the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) spatial channel model. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase secrecy capacity, which is independent of the eavesdropper's position and the element number of its antenna.

Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security•Jun 1, 2010•6 citations

Secrecy performance analysis of artificial noise aided precoding in full-duplex relay systems

Yuanjian Li, Rui Zhao, Xing Guo Tan +1 more

In Rayleigh fading channels, we investigate the secrecy performance of a full-duplex relay secure transmission system. To improve the secrecy capacity of the system and efficiently interfere the interception of the eavesdropper, the multiple-antenna source applies the artificial noise aided precoding (ANP) scheme to broadcast the intended signal and the artificial noise simultaneously, and the decode-and-forward relay operates in full- duplex mode. To improve the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the multiple-antenna destination applies maximum ratio combining (MRC) strategy. In the presence of self-interference at the relay, the approximate closed-form expression of ergodic achievable secrecy rate (EASR) for any values of antenna number and the exact closed-form expression of EASR for large-scale antennas array were derived respectively. Both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the ANP combined with full-duplex scheme can achieve considerable secrecy performance gain.

Globecom•Dec 1, 2017•10 citations

Security Performance Analysis for MIMO Systems: From Artificial Noise's Power and Dimension Perspective

Panpan Xu, Zhenling Li, Chunguo Li +1 more

This paper analyzes the influence of power and dimension of artificial noise (AN) on security performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multiple randomly located eavesdroppers. We derive the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the optimal secrecy capacity by utilizing the irrelevance among transmission channels, and the orthogonality between AN and the basis vectors of the legitimate channel matrix's null space. We use the Poisson point process to determine the number and location of eavesdroppers, then analyze the security performance of the communication system under the 3D channel condition of probability-based line-of-sight (LoS) or non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channel. The simulation results show the following conclusions. When the AN dimension reaches 1/4 highest dimension (i.e., one quarter of the number of transmitting antennae less than one) and the power splitter factor (PSF) falls in the open interval (0.6, 0.9), we can achieve a trade-off between secrecy capacity and design complexity.

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology•Feb 13, 2025•1 citation
Recent research on the physical layer security of wireless systems focuses on artificial noise (AN) aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on a hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receive antennas. Under this assumption, the system can utilize all eigensubchannels, equal to the number of the receive antennas, to send secret messages. The remaining null spaces are used for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than the number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. This paper extends this strategy to Rician channels using the complex non-central Wishart distribution. A closed form expression for secrecy capacity of such system is computed using majorization theory. Performance of a MIMO communication system in Rician fading environment is simulated and effect of the Rician factor on secrecy capacity is studied. The same approach is then extended to decode and forward relay network. Secrecy capacity of the said network is computed, and the effect of AN is studied using the same methodology.
Recent research on physical security of wireless systems focus on artificial noise aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on an hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receiver antennas. Under this assumption the system can utilize all eigen-subchannels, equal to number of receiver antennas, of a MIMO system to send messages, and use remaining null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. In this paper, this strategy has been extended to Rician channels. The transmitter-receiver link is supposed to be effected by Rician fading while the illegitimate link is experiencing Rayleigh fading and consequently the secrecy capacity of such system is computed.
Artificial noise (AN) can be used to confuse eavesdroppers in a physical layer security system. One of the main issues concerned in AN schemes is how to improve secrecy capacities. Most existing AN schemes were proposed based on an assumption that the number of transmit antennas t is larger than that of receiver antennas r, such that they can utilize all r eigen-subchannels of a multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) system to send messages, and use remaining t - r null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out legitimate receivers and degrade eavesdropper channels. However, transmitting messages in all eigen-subchannels is not always a good strategy. In particular, when the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than those of receivers, the secrecy capacities of legitimate receivers will be impaired significantly if using all eigen-subchannels for message transmission. To improve secrecy capacity, we propose an AN scheme where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining t - s spaces. We derive the average secrecy capacity of a single-user MIMO wiretap channel in the presence of an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. We show that the numerical results are in a good agreement with simulation results. The secrecy capacity of the proposed AN scheme can be improved by approximately 20% ~ 40% if compared with existing AN schemes.
The existing investigations on artificial noise (AN) security systems assumed that only null spaces are used to send AN signals, and all eigen-subchannels should be used to transmit messages. Our previous work proposed an AN scheme that allocates some of eigen-subchannels to transmit AN signals for improving secrecy rates. Nevertheless, our previous work considered only uncorrelated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. In fact, the correlations among antennas exist in realistic scattering channel environments. In this paper, we extend our previous AN scheme to spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels at both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper sides and derive an exact theoretical expression for the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme, along with an approximate analysis. Both numerical and simulation results show that the proposed AN scheme offers a higher ergodic secrecy rate than the existing schemes, revealing a fact that the correlation among eavesdropper's antennas can potentially improve the secrecy rate of an MIMO system.
An effective method was recently proposed to increase secrecy capacity in MIMO wireless communication systems. By adding artificially generated noise signal into the information-bearing signal, this method can degrade the eavesdropper's receiving signal, but does not affect the desired receiver. This method, however, can only be used in systems where the transmit antenna has more elements than the receive antenna. In this paper, we present a novel noise signal generation approach to enable secure wireless communications in a transmit-receive diversity system. In this approach, we generate our jamming noise signal based on the null space of an equivalent channel of the system. The presented wireless security mechanism can be applied to systems with arbitrary antenna configurations, unlike existing methods that only work for specific array configurations. In addition, the eavesdropper cannot increase its information detection capability by employing more antenna elements. With this scheme, we also enable more degrees of freedom for selecting parameters for jamming noise signal generation, making the decoding at the eavesdropper even harder due to the increased search space. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed method in an urban macro cellular environment using the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) spatial channel model. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase secrecy capacity, which is independent of the eavesdropper's position and the element number of its antenna.
In Rayleigh fading channels, we investigate the secrecy performance of a full-duplex relay secure transmission system. To improve the secrecy capacity of the system and efficiently interfere the interception of the eavesdropper, the multiple-antenna source applies the artificial noise aided precoding (ANP) scheme to broadcast the intended signal and the artificial noise simultaneously, and the decode-and-forward relay operates in full- duplex mode. To improve the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the multiple-antenna destination applies maximum ratio combining (MRC) strategy. In the presence of self-interference at the relay, the approximate closed-form expression of ergodic achievable secrecy rate (EASR) for any values of antenna number and the exact closed-form expression of EASR for large-scale antennas array were derived respectively. Both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the ANP combined with full-duplex scheme can achieve considerable secrecy performance gain.
This paper analyzes the influence of power and dimension of artificial noise (AN) on security performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multiple randomly located eavesdroppers. We derive the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the optimal secrecy capacity by utilizing the irrelevance among transmission channels, and the orthogonality between AN and the basis vectors of the legitimate channel matrix's null space. We use the Poisson point process to determine the number and location of eavesdroppers, then analyze the security performance of the communication system under the 3D channel condition of probability-based line-of-sight (LoS) or non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channel. The simulation results show the following conclusions. When the AN dimension reaches 1/4 highest dimension (i.e., one quarter of the number of transmitting antennae less than one) and the power splitter factor (PSF) falls in the open interval (0.6, 0.9), we can achieve a trade-off between secrecy capacity and design complexity.