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arXiv:1906.04289 · IEEE Systems Journal

Artificial Noisy MIMO Systems Under Correlated Scattering Rayleigh Fading—A Physical Layer Security Approach

Yiliang Liu, Hsiao‐Hwa Chen, Liangmin Wang, Weixiao Meng

Published Jul 7, 2019• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The existing investigations on artificial noise (AN) security systems assumed that only null spaces are used to send AN signals, and all eigen-subchannels should be used to transmit messages. Our previous work proposed an AN scheme that allocates some of eigen-subchannels to transmit AN signals for improving secrecy rates. Nevertheless, our previous work considered only uncorrelated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. In fact, the correlations among antennas exist in realistic scattering channel environments. In this paper, we extend our previous AN scheme to spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels at both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper sides and derive an exact theoretical expression for the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme, along with an approximate analysis. Both numerical and simulation results show that the proposed AN scheme offers a higher ergodic secrecy rate than the existing schemes, revealing a fact that the correlation among eavesdropper's antennas can potentially improve the secrecy rate of an MIMO system.

DOI
10.1109/jsyst.2019.2922848

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The existing investigations on artificial noise (AN) security systems assumed that only null spaces are used to send AN signals, and all eigen-subchannels should be used to transmit messages. Our previous work proposed an AN scheme that allocates some of eigen-subchannels to transmit AN signals for improving secrecy rates. Nevertheless, our previous work considered only uncorrelated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. In fact, the correlations among antennas exist in realistic scattering channel environments. In this paper, we extend our previous AN scheme to spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels at both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper sides and derive an exact theoretical expression for the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme, along with an approximate analysis. Both numerical and simulation results show that the proposed AN scheme offers a higher ergodic secrecy rate than the existing schemes, revealing a fact that the correlation among eavesdropper's antennas can potentially improve the secrecy rate of an MIMO system.
Recent research on physical security of wireless systems focus on artificial noise aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on an hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receiver antennas. Under this assumption the system can utilize all eigen-subchannels, equal to number of receiver antennas, of a MIMO system to send messages, and use remaining null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. In this paper, this strategy has been extended to Rician channels. The transmitter-receiver link is supposed to be effected by Rician fading while the illegitimate link is experiencing Rayleigh fading and consequently the secrecy capacity of such system is computed.
Artificial noise (AN) can be used to confuse eavesdroppers in a physical layer security system. One of the main issues concerned in AN schemes is how to improve secrecy capacities. Most existing AN schemes were proposed based on an assumption that the number of transmit antennas t is larger than that of receiver antennas r, such that they can utilize all r eigen-subchannels of a multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) system to send messages, and use remaining t - r null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out legitimate receivers and degrade eavesdropper channels. However, transmitting messages in all eigen-subchannels is not always a good strategy. In particular, when the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than those of receivers, the secrecy capacities of legitimate receivers will be impaired significantly if using all eigen-subchannels for message transmission. To improve secrecy capacity, we propose an AN scheme where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining t - s spaces. We derive the average secrecy capacity of a single-user MIMO wiretap channel in the presence of an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. We show that the numerical results are in a good agreement with simulation results. The secrecy capacity of the proposed AN scheme can be improved by approximately 20% ~ 40% if compared with existing AN schemes.
Recent research on the physical layer security of wireless systems focuses on artificial noise (AN) aided security. The main metric for analysis of such systems is the secrecy capacity of the system. Most of the AN schemes proposed in recent research are based on a hypothesis that the number of transmit antennas is larger than that of the receive antennas. Under this assumption, the system can utilize all eigensubchannels, equal to the number of the receive antennas, to send secret messages. The remaining null spaces are used for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out at the legitimate receivers and degrade illegitimate receiver's channels. However, this strategy can significantly impair the secrecy capacity of the system if the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than the number of receive antennas. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed, where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining spaces. This paper extends this strategy to Rician channels using the complex non-central Wishart distribution. A closed form expression for secrecy capacity of such system is computed using majorization theory. Performance of a MIMO communication system in Rician fading environment is simulated and effect of the Rician factor on secrecy capacity is studied. The same approach is then extended to decode and forward relay network. Secrecy capacity of the said network is computed, and the effect of AN is studied using the same methodology.
This paper investigates artificial noise (AN) injection along the temporal and spatial dimensions of a legitimate system to secure its transmissions from potential eavesdropping. In particular, we consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system in the presence of a multiple-antenna passive eavesdropper and characterize both the secrecy rate and average secrecy rate of the legitimate system. We assume that the legitimate transmitter knows the full channel state information (CSI) of the links connecting it with its legitimate receiver but does not know the instantaneous CSI of the passive eavesdropper. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy rate and average secrecy rate are derived for the asymptotic case of a large number of transmit antennas. We compare the degrading effects of spatial and temporal AN on the eavesdropper's rate. We also investigate the power allocation between the data and the AN and the power allocation between the spatial and the temporal AN. An upper bound on the secrecy rate loss due to the presence of the eavesdropper is also derived, and computer simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of our proposed AN scheme.
This paper studies a secure communication over multiple-input multiple-output multi-antenna eavesdropper (MIMOME) channels which consist of legitimate parities, namely a transmitter and receiver, equipped with multi-antennas and a passive eavesdropper with multi-antennas. For securing the communication between the legitimate parties, we consider an artificial noise (AN) scheme in which the legitimate transmitter sends its secret messages and AN signal together. Meanwhile, it is assumed that the legitimate receiver has a full-duplex capability which enables it to capture the secret message from the transmitter and simultaneously generate a jamming signal to strengthen security. While there have been studies on similar setups, most of them focus on the design of the jamming signal with the assumption of full channel-state information (CSI) and/or system parameter optimization based on numerical evaluations. On the contrary, in this work, we instead introduce a tight lower bound on an achievable ergodic secrecy rate as a versatile analytic tool and derive a closed-form expressions for the bound. To confirm the analytic results, we carry out numerical evaluations of the ergodic secrecy rate which are compared with the proposed lower bound.
For large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, antenna selection (AS) schemes are usually used to reduce hardware cost and energy consumption, in which only the antennas with low correlation each other and high gain are activated. However, such existing AS schemes may not necessarily ensure the security of information transmission when eavesdroppers are involved as the channels between legitimate users and eavesdroppers may correlate each other due to the inadequate scattering conditions in the propagation. To this end, a novel AS and artificial noise (AN) injection strategy is proposed to enhance system security. Specifically, integrating the correlation between the paths of the legitimate user (LU) and the eavesdropper with channel gains, a comprehensive metric is defined, based on which the optimal antennas used to transmit signals are obtained. Then, based on a deep Q-network (DQN), the subspaces for precoding confidential messages and injecting AN are alternately optimized to maximize the system secrecy rate. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme can obtain much higher secrecy rate compared to the existing ones.