Measurement of hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the thallium 6/sup 2/P/sub 1/2/-7/sup 2/D/sub 3/2,5/2/ levels by using the saturated and linear absorption spectroscopy with velocity selective optical pumping

Kwang-Hoon Ko, Sang Eon Park, Do-Young Jeong, Jae Woo Kim, Taek‐Soo Kim, Gwon Lim, Cheol‐Jung Kim

Published Jun 21, 2004• 0 citations

Abstract

The linear and saturated absorption spectroscopy was performed for the 6/sup 2/P/sub 1/2/-7/sup 2/D/sub 3/2,5/2/ transition lines of /sup 203,205/Tl isotopes. The dependences of the cross-over and the isotope signals in saturated absorption spectra were measured and analyzed on the optical pumping power. The hyperfine splittings and isotope shifts of the 7/sup 2/D/sub 3/2,5/2/ levels of Tl atoms were also measured.

DOI: 10.1109/cleopr.2003.1277073

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Published Jun 21, 2004• 0 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1109/cleopr.2003.1277073

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We report on magneto-optical trapping of the two fermionic isotopes of atomic titanium,

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti. Unlike the even mass-number isotopes, which were recently laser cooled,

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti have nonzero nuclear spins and, consequently, their atomic levels are split by hyperfine structure. Combining and comparing theoretical calculations and atomic beam-spectroscopy measurements, we determine the hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the

\mathrm{3d^24s^2}

\mathrm{a^3F_4\rightarrow 3d^2(^3P)4s4p(^3P^o)}

\mathrm{y^5D_4^o}

optical-pumping transition at optical wavelength 391nm and the

\mathrm{3d^3(^4F)4s}

\mathrm{a^5F_5\rightarrow 3d^3(^4F)4p}

\mathrm{y^5G_6^o}

laser-cooling transition at wavelength 498nm. With this information, we produce magneto-optical traps of both

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti by applying two additional tones of light to repump atoms to the maximum-spin states on the laser-cooling transition. Directly loading from the atomic flux of a titanium sublimation pump, we produce

^{47}

Ti and

^{49}

Ti traps with 731(190) and 1142(240) atoms, and with lifetimes of 330(15)ms and 310(8)ms, respectively.

Doppler-free spectra of linear and circular dichroisms for the hyperfine structures of Na

{D}_{1}

and

{D}_{2}

lines have been obtained by means of polarization-modulated optical pumping spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with recent theoretical calculations based on velocity-selective optical pumping in a four-level atomic system.

{\mathrm{D}}_{2}

) transitions. The counterpropagating pump and probe lasers are independently tunable in frequency, with the probe operating at the single-photon level. The two-dimensional spectrum measured as the laser frequencies are scanned shows fluorescence, Doppler-broadened absorption dips, and sub-Doppler features. The detuning between the pump and probe lasers allows compensation of the Doppler shift for all atomic velocities in the room-temperature vapor, meaning we observe sub-Doppler features for all atoms in the beam. We detail a theoretical model of the system that incorporates fluorescence, saturation effects, and optical pumping and compare this with the measured spectrum, finding a mean absolute percentage error of 3.11%. This high level of agreement allows us to extract the number density and temperature of the

\mathrm{Rb}

vapor from the two-dimensional spectrum. In the future this technique could be used as an atomic frequency standard for calibrating and characterising a single-photon or low-light-level source.