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arXiv:1301.3645 · Optics Letters

Spectroscopy of a narrow-line optical pumping transition in atomic dysprosium

M. Schmitt, E. A. L. Henn, Juliette Billy, Holger Kadau, Thomas Maier, Axel Griesmaier, Tilman Pfau

Published Feb 20, 2013• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present measurements of the hyperfine coefficients and isotope shifts of the Dy I 683.731 nm transition, using saturated absorption spectroscopy on an atomic beam. A King Plot is drawn resulting in an updated value for the specific mass shift δν(684,sms)(164-162)=-534±17 MHz. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we measure the excited state lifetime τ684=1.68(5) μs, yielding a linewidth of γ684=95±3 kHz. We give an upper limit to the branching ratio between the two decay channels from the excited state showing that this transition is usable for optical pumping into a dark state and demagnetization cooling.

DOI
10.1364/ol.38.000637

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•Nov 27, 2012•25 citations
We present measurements of the hyperfine coefficients and isotope shifts of the Dy I 683.731 nm transition, using saturated absorption spectroscopy on an atomic beam. A King Plot is drawn resulting in an updated value for the specific mass shift δν(684,sms)(164-162)=-534±17 MHz. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we measure the excited state lifetime τ684=1.68(5) μs, yielding a linewidth of γ684=95±3 kHz. We give an upper limit to the branching ratio between the two decay channels from the excited state showing that this transition is usable for optical pumping into a dark state and demagnetization cooling.
The laser cooling and trapping of ultracold neutral dysprosium has been demonstrated recently using the broad, open, 421-nm cycling transition. Narrow-line magneto-optical trapping of Dy on longer wavelength transitions would enable the preparation of ultracold Dy samples suitable for loading optical dipole traps and subsequent evaporative cooling. We have identified the closed 741-nm cycling transition as a candidate for the narrow-line cooling of Dy. We present experimental data on the isotope shifts, the hyperfine constants AAA and BBB, and the decay rate of the 741-nm transition. In addition, we report a measurement of the 421-nm transition's linewidth, which agrees with previous measurements. We summarize the laser-cooling characteristics of these transitions as well as other narrow cycling transitions that may prove useful for cooling Dy.
We report on spectroscopy of cold dysprosium atoms on the $1001\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ transition and present measurements of the excited-state lifetime which is at least 87(7)ms87(7)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{ms}87(7)ms long. Due to the long excited-state lifetime we are able to measure the ratio of the excited-state polarizability to the ground-state polarizability at 1064nm1064\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}1064nm to be 0.83(0.13) by parametric heating in an optical dipole trap. In addition we measure the isotope shifts of the three most abundant bosonic isotopes of dysprosium on the $1001\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ transition with an accuracy better than 30kHz30\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}30kHz.
The open inner-shell electronic structure of lanthanides with large magnetic moments gives rise to a rich spectrum of transitions available for laser cooling, trapping, and coherent control. Despite this, the large number of ultraviolet (UV) transitions below 400nm have so far been rarely utilized in dipolar atom experiments. Here, we investigate multiple UV ground state transitions in dysprosium. Several of these UV excited states have the largest decay strengths to the ultralong-lived, low-lying first excited state which are comparable to the most commonly used strongest transitions found in dipolar atoms. Using two-dimensional shelving spectroscopy which improves detection sensitivity and provides a straightforward way to determine the hyperfine-isotope structure and excited state total angular momentum JJJ, we measure isotope shifts, hyperfine coefficients, and create King plots to determine their electronic nature. Such knowledge of these UV transitions which analogously exist in other magnetic atoms is important for optically populating the first excited state and can be used towards creating an optical clock, high resolution imaging in quantum gas microscopy, and probing lanthanide nuclei with enhanced Schiff moments in search of physics beyond the standard model.
We demonstrate the effect of Zeeman and hyperfine optical pumping and transverse laser cooling of a dysprosium (Dy) atomic beam on the 4 f 10 6 s 2 ( J = 8 ) → 4 f 10 6 s 6 p ( J = 9 ) transition at 421.291 nm. For Dy 163 , a custom-built electro-optic modulator is used to generate five frequency sidebands required to pump the atoms to the F = 10.5 ground-state hyperfine level, and the light polarization is chosen to pump the atoms to the m F = 10.5 Zeeman sublevel. The atoms are simultaneously laser cooled using a standing wave orthogonal to the atomic beam. The resulting polarized and cooled atomic beam will be used in fundamental physics experiments taking advantage of the “accidental” degeneracy of excited states in Dy, including the ongoing measurement of parity violation in this system.
We present the first measurements of the [Xe]4f75d16s6p$\;^{11}{F_J}$11FJ excited state hyperfine coefficients and isotope shifts of spin-forbidden transitions of atomic gadolinium (Gd) at 726 and 743 nm in a hollow cathode gas discharge. In addition, we performed a King Plot analysis to determine specific mass shift and field shift constants for these lines. Moreover, we observed King Plot nonlinearity for the 743 nm transition, which is an effect recently proposed to aid in searches for hypothetical new light bosons. Spectroscopic results obtained from this study will facilitate the development of more efficient isotope separation techniques, enable narrowband laser cooling of Gd for novel dipolar physics investigations, and foster technological advances in high precision atomic clocks and quantum enhanced metrology.
We have studied possible candidates for laser cooling transitions in 169 Tm in the spectral region 410 –420 nm. By means of saturation absorption spectroscopy we have measured the hyperfine structure and rates of two nearly closed cycling transitions from the ground state 4f 13 6s 2 ( 2 F0)(Jg = 7/2) to upper states 4f 12 ( 3 H5)5d3/26s 2 (Je = 9/2) at 410.6 nm and 4f 12 ( 3 F4)5d5/26s 2 (Je = 9/2) at 420.4 nm and evaluated the life times of the excited levels as 16.1(8) ns and 40(4) ns respectively. Decay rates from these levels to neighboring opposite-parity levels are evaluated by means of Hartree-Fock calculations. We conclude, that the strong transition at 410.6 nm has an optical leak rate of less then 2·10 −5 and can be used for efficient laser cooling of 169 Tm from a thermal atomic beam. In addition we give a calculated value of 7(2) s −1 for the rate of magnetic-dipole transition at 1.14 µm between the fine structure levels (Jg = 7/2) ↔ (J ′ g = 5/2) of the ground state. Due to efficient shielding by the closed 6s 2 shell, this transition is insensitive to collisions which makes it a promising candidate for applications in atomic clocks. PACS numbers: I.