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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Detection of scalar coupling at zero magnetic field with an atomic magnetometer

M. P. Ledbetter, Charles Crawford, Alexander Pines, Dave Wemmer, John E. Kitching, Svenja A. Knappe, Dmitry Budker

Published May 22, 2009• 0 citations
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We demonstrated a scalar atomic magnetometer using a microfabricated Cs vapor cell. The atomic spin precession is driven by an amplitude-modulated circularly-polarized pump laser resonant on the D1 transition of Cs atoms and detected by an off-resonant linearly-polarized probe laser using a balanced polarimeter setup. Under a magnetic field with amplitude in the Earth's magnetic field range, the magnetometer in the gradiometer mode can reach sensitivities below 150fT/√Hz, which shows that the magnetometer by itself can achieve sub-100fT/√Hz sensitivities. In addition to its high sensitivity, the magnetometer has a bandwidth close to 1 kHz due to the broad magnetic resonance inside the small vapor cell. Our experiment suggests the feasibility of a portable low-power and high-performance magnetometer which can be operated in the Earth's magnetic field. Such a device will greatly reduce the restrictions on the operating environment and expand the range of applications for atomic magnetometers, such as detection of nuclear magnetic resonance in low magnetic fields
Atomic magnetometers are highly sensitive instruments widely used for measurements of weak magnetic field. Extracting vector information while maintaining high-precision scalar detection has become the trend in atomic magnetometer development. We introduce a vector atomic magnetometer containing a 5 mm-thick microfabricated vapor cell operating in free-induction-decay mode. By employing orthogonal modulation techniques, the system achieves high-precision in-plane vector magnetic field measurements. The high-precision vector magnetic field measurements are demonstrated in the x–z plane. The sensitivity of the total field detection in the miniaturized atomic magnetometer is 30 pT·Hz−1/2 @11 µT. The average angular error of the decoupled measurement is as low as 4.7 mrad @7.6 µT for vector magnetic fields, providing a new approach for vector magnetic field measurement in miniaturized atomic magnetometers.