Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1208.4708 · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Observation of Zeeman shift in the rubidium D2line using an optical nanofiber in vapor

Amy Watkins, Vibhuti Bhushan Tiwari, Jonathan M. Ward, Kieran Deasy, Síle Nic Chormaic

Published Nov 18, 2013• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on the observation of a Zeeman shift (order of 100 MHz) of the Doppler-broadened D2 transition of both 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes via transmission through a 400 nm diameter optical nanofiber in the presence of a DC magnetic field. Linearly-polarized light propagating in the nanofiber is analyzed as a superposition of two orthogonally circularly polarized orientations, σ+ and σ-. In the absence of the magnetic field, the absorption of these polarizations by the atomic vapor, via the evanescent field at the waist of the nanofiber, is degenerate. When a weak magnetic field is applied parallel to the propagating light, this degeneracy is lifted and relative shifts in the resonance frequencies are detected. Typical linear shift rates of 1.6 MHz/G and -2.0 MHz/G were observed. We also demonstrate a dichroic atomic vapor laser lock line shape by monitoring the real-time subtraction of the two magnetically-shifted absorption spectra. This is particularly interesting for magneto-optical experiments as it could be directly implemented for diode laser frequencystabilization.

DOI
10.1117/12.2027163

Related papers

Measurement of Zeeman Shift of Cesium Atoms Using an Optical Nanofiber

Chuan-Biao Zhang, Dian-Qiang Su, Zhonghua Ji +3 more

Nanofibers have many promising applications because of their advantages of high power density and ultralow saturated light intensity. We present here a Zeeman shift of the Doppler-broadened cesium D 2 transition using a tapered optical nanofiber in the presence of a magnetic field. When a weak magnetic field is parallel to the propagating light in the nanofiber, the Zeeman shift rates for different circularly polarized spectra are observed. For the σ + component, the typical linear Zeeman shift rates of F = 3 and F = 4 ground-state cesium atoms are measured to be 3.10( ±0.19 ) MHz/G and 3.91( ±0.16 ) MHz/G. For the σ − component, the values are measured to be −2.81( ± 0.25) MHz/G, and −0.78( ± 0.28) MHz/G. The Zeeman shift using the tapered nanofiber can help to develop magnetometers to measure the magnetic field at the narrow local region and the dispersive signal to lock laser frequency .

Chinese Physics Letters•Aug 1, 2018•0 citations

Frequency Detuning and Stabilization of a Diode Laser Using the Zeeman Shift of the Saturated Absorption Signal of Rubidium Atoms

Ho Seong Lee, Sung Hoon Yang, Young Bum Kim +3 more

We observed saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb atom under a magnetic field of several millitesla with a diode laser oscillating at 780 nm. The spectra were compared with the theoretical ones obtained on the basis of Nakayama's four-level model. We numerically computed Zeeman splittings of the 52 P 3/2 excited state of the atom. As the magnetic field increased to 5 mT, the absorption peak of the F=2→F'=3 transition shifted almost linearly up to about 62 MHz. The shift direction was reversed by changing the polarization combination of the pump and probe lasers. The measured frequency stability, when the laser was locked at the absorption peak, was better than σy(τ)= 1 ×10-11τ-1/2 for the sampling time of 0.01 s≤τ≤10 s.

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Jan 1, 1996•13 citations

Magneto-optical processes in atomic vapor cells with radiation wavelength-scale thickness

A. Papoyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Sub-Doppler nature of atomic spectra in alkali metal vapor cells of nanometric thickness L (nanocells) allows one to study peculiarities of magneto-optical processes, which occur in a magnetic field for the case when L is of the order of λ (λ is a laser resonant wavelength). We particularly address the issues of practical implementation of the studied processes. The following results are presented. i) A "λ-Zeeman technique" exploiting velocity-selective optical pumping resonances in L = λ Rb cell placed in a B-field, which allows direct determination frequency shifts and modification of transition probabilities of individual Zeeman transitions in magnetic field and is applicable for development of wide-range (~ 0.1 - 1000 mT) optical magnetometers and tunable frequency reference. ii) A technique for locking the laser radiation frequency, B-field-tunable in ~ 500 MHz range, which is based on selective reflection of a circularly-polarized laser beam from Rb vapor cell with thickness L ≈ λ/2.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Dec 22, 2008•1 citation

Variations of intensity in Rb D2line at weak/intermediate fields

M. Ummal Momeen, G. K. Rangarajan, Pranawa C. Deshmukh

Zeeman splitting in the D 2 line of rubidium atoms ( 87 Rb and 85 Rb) has been studied using 'Doppler broadened' as well as 'saturation absorption spectroscopy'. While a linearly polarized beam was used for the former experiment, in the latter case a (π, σ ± ) polarization configuration was employed for both pump and probe beams. Zeeman lines have been observed by applying a field up to 5 mT. The field variation of relative line intensities in Doppler-broadened spectrum was determined following Tremblay et al and Nakayama's four-level model. For the saturation spectrum, a four-level model was used. Because the enhancement of absorption at the field is as low as 1 mT, the F g = 2 to F e = 3 transition for 87 Rb can be used as the reference for laser locking. Level crossing is observed in 85 Rb at fields less than 5 mT.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jul 25, 2007•14 citations

Saturated absorption spectroscopy with a Zeeman shift

Un Yob Shim, Jong-An Kim, W. Jhe

Recently a new type of spectroscopy using Zeeman shift has been developed, which aims for a large recapture range by making a dispersive-like signal obtained from the subtraction of two different circularly polarized Doppler-broadened absorption signals in the presence of a magnetic field (order of 100 G). We would like to propose another method for stabilizing a diode laser frequency onto an atomic frequency with a small tunable range in the presence of small longitudinal magnetic field (order of Gauss). A solid state diode laser is preferred as it is a good light source. Our technique has the advantages of cancellation of frequency fluctuation over side-locking and no need for phase-sensitive detection and frequency modulation over peak-locking. A subtracted SAS signal and the blocking signal are displayed on one photodiode.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)•Jan 20, 2003•0 citations

Selective Reflection of Potassium Vapor Nanolayers in a Magnetic Field

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Tonoyan, James Keaveney +3 more

The selective reflection of laser radiation from the interface between a dielectric window and the atomic vapors confined in a nanocell of thickness L ≈ 350 nm is used to develop effective Doppler-broadening- free spectroscopy of potassium atoms. A small atomic line width and a relation between the signal intensity and the transition probability allowed us to resolve four lines of atomic transitions responsible for the D1 lines of the 39K and 41K isotopes. Two groups containing four atomic transitions form in an applied magnetic field upon pumping by radiation with circular polarization σ+ or σ–. Different intensities (probabilities) of transitions for the σ+ and σ– excitations are detected in magnetic field B0 ≈ A hfs /μB ≈ 165 G (A hfs is the magnetic dipole constant for the ground state and μB is the Bohr magneton). A substantially different situation is observed at B ≫ B0, since high symmetry appears for the two groups formed by radiation with circular polarization σ+ or σ–. Each group is the mirror image of the other group with respect to the frequency of the 42S1/2–42P1/2 transition, which additionally proves the occurrence of the complete Paschen–Back regime of the hyperfine structure at B ≈ 2.5 kG. A developed theoretical model well reproduces the experimental results. Possible practical applications are described. The results obtained can also be applied to the D1 lines of 87Rb and 23Na.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2018•7 citations
We report on the observation of a Zeeman shift (order of 100 MHz) of the Doppler-broadened D2 transition of both 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes via transmission through a 400 nm diameter optical nanofiber in the presence of a DC magnetic field. Linearly-polarized light propagating in the nanofiber is analyzed as a superposition of two orthogonally circularly polarized orientations, σ+ and σ-. In the absence of the magnetic field, the absorption of these polarizations by the atomic vapor, via the evanescent field at the waist of the nanofiber, is degenerate. When a weak magnetic field is applied parallel to the propagating light, this degeneracy is lifted and relative shifts in the resonance frequencies are detected. Typical linear shift rates of 1.6 MHz/G and -2.0 MHz/G were observed. We also demonstrate a dichroic atomic vapor laser lock line shape by monitoring the real-time subtraction of the two magnetically-shifted absorption spectra. This is particularly interesting for magneto-optical experiments as it could be directly implemented for diode laser frequencystabilization.
Nanofibers have many promising applications because of their advantages of high power density and ultralow saturated light intensity. We present here a Zeeman shift of the Doppler-broadened cesium D 2 transition using a tapered optical nanofiber in the presence of a magnetic field. When a weak magnetic field is parallel to the propagating light in the nanofiber, the Zeeman shift rates for different circularly polarized spectra are observed. For the σ + component, the typical linear Zeeman shift rates of F = 3 and F = 4 ground-state cesium atoms are measured to be 3.10( ±0.19 ) MHz/G and 3.91( ±0.16 ) MHz/G. For the σ − component, the values are measured to be −2.81( ± 0.25) MHz/G, and −0.78( ± 0.28) MHz/G. The Zeeman shift using the tapered nanofiber can help to develop magnetometers to measure the magnetic field at the narrow local region and the dispersive signal to lock laser frequency .
We observed saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb atom under a magnetic field of several millitesla with a diode laser oscillating at 780 nm. The spectra were compared with the theoretical ones obtained on the basis of Nakayama's four-level model. We numerically computed Zeeman splittings of the 52 P 3/2 excited state of the atom. As the magnetic field increased to 5 mT, the absorption peak of the F=2→F'=3 transition shifted almost linearly up to about 62 MHz. The shift direction was reversed by changing the polarization combination of the pump and probe lasers. The measured frequency stability, when the laser was locked at the absorption peak, was better than σy(τ)= 1 ×10-11τ-1/2 for the sampling time of 0.01 s≤τ≤10 s.
Sub-Doppler nature of atomic spectra in alkali metal vapor cells of nanometric thickness L (nanocells) allows one to study peculiarities of magneto-optical processes, which occur in a magnetic field for the case when L is of the order of λ (λ is a laser resonant wavelength). We particularly address the issues of practical implementation of the studied processes. The following results are presented. i) A "λ-Zeeman technique" exploiting velocity-selective optical pumping resonances in L = λ Rb cell placed in a B-field, which allows direct determination frequency shifts and modification of transition probabilities of individual Zeeman transitions in magnetic field and is applicable for development of wide-range (~ 0.1 - 1000 mT) optical magnetometers and tunable frequency reference. ii) A technique for locking the laser radiation frequency, B-field-tunable in ~ 500 MHz range, which is based on selective reflection of a circularly-polarized laser beam from Rb vapor cell with thickness L ≈ λ/2.
Zeeman splitting in the D 2 line of rubidium atoms ( 87 Rb and 85 Rb) has been studied using 'Doppler broadened' as well as 'saturation absorption spectroscopy'. While a linearly polarized beam was used for the former experiment, in the latter case a (π, σ ± ) polarization configuration was employed for both pump and probe beams. Zeeman lines have been observed by applying a field up to 5 mT. The field variation of relative line intensities in Doppler-broadened spectrum was determined following Tremblay et al and Nakayama's four-level model. For the saturation spectrum, a four-level model was used. Because the enhancement of absorption at the field is as low as 1 mT, the F g = 2 to F e = 3 transition for 87 Rb can be used as the reference for laser locking. Level crossing is observed in 85 Rb at fields less than 5 mT.
Recently a new type of spectroscopy using Zeeman shift has been developed, which aims for a large recapture range by making a dispersive-like signal obtained from the subtraction of two different circularly polarized Doppler-broadened absorption signals in the presence of a magnetic field (order of 100 G). We would like to propose another method for stabilizing a diode laser frequency onto an atomic frequency with a small tunable range in the presence of small longitudinal magnetic field (order of Gauss). A solid state diode laser is preferred as it is a good light source. Our technique has the advantages of cancellation of frequency fluctuation over side-locking and no need for phase-sensitive detection and frequency modulation over peak-locking. A subtracted SAS signal and the blocking signal are displayed on one photodiode.
The selective reflection of laser radiation from the interface between a dielectric window and the atomic vapors confined in a nanocell of thickness L ≈ 350 nm is used to develop effective Doppler-broadening- free spectroscopy of potassium atoms. A small atomic line width and a relation between the signal intensity and the transition probability allowed us to resolve four lines of atomic transitions responsible for the D1 lines of the 39K and 41K isotopes. Two groups containing four atomic transitions form in an applied magnetic field upon pumping by radiation with circular polarization σ+ or σ–. Different intensities (probabilities) of transitions for the σ+ and σ– excitations are detected in magnetic field B0 ≈ A hfs /μB ≈ 165 G (A hfs is the magnetic dipole constant for the ground state and μB is the Bohr magneton). A substantially different situation is observed at B ≫ B0, since high symmetry appears for the two groups formed by radiation with circular polarization σ+ or σ–. Each group is the mirror image of the other group with respect to the frequency of the 42S1/2–42P1/2 transition, which additionally proves the occurrence of the complete Paschen–Back regime of the hyperfine structure at B ≈ 2.5 kG. A developed theoretical model well reproduces the experimental results. Possible practical applications are described. The results obtained can also be applied to the D1 lines of 87Rb and 23Na.