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arXiv:quant-ph/0601173 · Physical Review Letters

Microfabricated Surface-Electrode Ion Trap for Scalable Quantum Information Processing

Signe Louise Seidelin, John Chiaverini, R. Reichle, J. J. Bollinger, Dietrich G. Leibfried, J. Britton, Janus H. Wesenberg, R. B. Blakestad, Richard Allen EPSTEIN, David B. Hume, Wayne M. Itano, John D. Jost, C. Langer, Roee Ozeri, Nobuyasu Shiga, D. J. Wineland

Published Jun 30, 2006• 453 citations
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Abstract

Individual laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions are confined in a linear Paul trap with a novel geometry where gold electrodes are located in a single plane and the ions are trapped 40 microm above this plane. The relatively simple trap design and fabrication procedure are important for large-scale quantum information processing (QIP) using ions. Measured ion motional frequencies are compared to simulations. Measurements of ion recooling after cooling is temporarily suspended yield a heating rate of approximately 5 motional quanta per millisecond for a trap frequency of 2.83 MHz, sufficiently low to be useful for QIP.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.96.253003

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Individual laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions are confined in a linear Paul trap with a novel geometry where gold electrodes are located in a single plane and the ions are trapped 40 microm above this plane. The relatively simple trap design and fabrication procedure are important for large-scale quantum information processing (QIP) using ions. Measured ion motional frequencies are compared to simulations. Measurements of ion recooling after cooling is temporarily suspended yield a heating rate of approximately 5 motional quanta per millisecond for a trap frequency of 2.83 MHz, sufficiently low to be useful for QIP.
The prospect of building a quantum information processor underlies many recent advances ion trap fabrication techniques. Potentially, a quantum computer could be constructed from a large array of interconnected ion traps. We report on a micrometer-scale ion trap, fabricated from bulk silicon using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques. The trap geometry is relatively simple in that the electrodes lie in a single plane beneath the ions. In such a trap we confine laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions approximately 40 microns above the surface. The fabrication technique and planar electrode geometry together make this approach amenable to scaling up to large trap arrays. In addition we observe that little laser cooling light is scattered by the electrodes.
We investigate a surface-mounted electrode geometry for miniature linear radio frequency Paul ion traps. The electrodes reside in a single plane on a substrate, and the pseudopotential minimum of the trap is located above the substrate at a distance on order of the electrodes' lateral extent or separation. This architecture provides the possibility to apply standard microfabrication principles to the construction of multiplexed ion traps, which may be of particular importance in light of recent proposals for large-scale quantum computation based on individual trapped ions.
We investigate a surface-mounted electrode geometry for miniature linear radio frequency Paul ion traps. The electrodes reside in a single plane on a substrate, and the pseudopotential minimum of the trap is located above the substrate at a distance on order of the electrodes' lateral extent or separation. This architecture provides the possibility to apply standard microfabrication principles to the construction of multiplexed ion traps, which may be of particular importance in light of recent proposals for large-scale quantum computation based on individual trapped ions.
We investigate a surface-mounted electrode geometry for miniature linear radio frequency Paul ion traps. The electrodes reside in a single plane on a substrate, and the pseudopotential minimum of the trap is located above the substrate at a distance on the order of the electrodes' lateral extent or separation. This architecture provides the possibility to apply standard microfabrication principles to the construction of multiplexed ion traps, which may be of particular importance in light of recent proposals for large-scale quantum computation based on individual trapped ions.
Trapped atomic ions are the leading candidate to act as individual quantum bits in a large quantum information processing system. Ion traps can be conformed to a two-dimensional surface, which provides a way to increase the number of ions while maintaining the ability to move individual ions in a two-dimensional grid. However, surface traps tend to suffer from shallow trap depths and higher motional heating rates. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and testing of a simple gold-on-fused-silica ion trap optimized for a deep trapping potential and stable motional modes. The desirable trap characteristics include long lifetime, fully-compensated micromotion, and high secular trap frequencies that were measured using a trapped and cooled 174 Yb + ion. This trap design can be integrated with an optical cavity to enhance the ion-photon coupling.
A scalable, multiplexed ion trap for quantum information processing is fabricated and tested. The trap design and fabrication process are optimized for scalability to small trap size and large numbers of interconnected traps, and for integration of control electronics and optics. Multiple traps with similar designs are tested with 111^{111}111Cd+^++, 25^{25}25Mg+^++, and 88^{88}88Sr+^{+}+ ions at room temperature and with 88^{88}88Sr+^++ at 6 K, with respective ion lifetimes of 90 s, 300 ±\pm± 30 s, 56 ±\pm± 6 s, and 4.5 ±\pm± 1.1 hours. The motional heating rate for 25^{25}25Mg+^{+}+ at room temperature and a trap frequency of 1.6 MHz is measured to be 7 ±\pm± 3 quanta per millisecond. For 88^{88}88Sr+^{+}+ at 6 K and 540 kHz the heating rate is measured to be 220 ±\pm± 30 quanta per second.