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arXiv:quant-ph/0503062 · Physical Review Letters

Remote State Preparation: Arbitrary Remote Control of Photon Polarization

Nicholas A. Peters, Julio T. Barreiro, M. E. Goggin, Tzu-Chieh Wei, Paul G. Kwiat

Published Apr 20, 2005• 277 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the first remote state preparation of arbitrary single-qubit states, encoded in the polarization of photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Utilizing degenerate and nondegenerate wavelength entangled sources, we remotely prepare arbitrary states at two wavelengths. Further, we derive theoretical bounds on the states that may be remotely prepared for given two-qubit resources.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.94.150502

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We experimentally demonstrate the first remote state preparation of arbitrary single-qubit states, encoded in the polarization of photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Utilizing degenerate and nondegenerate wavelength entangled sources, we remotely prepare arbitrary states at two wavelengths. Further, we derive theoretical bounds on the states that may be remotely prepared for given two-qubit resources.
By using a partial polarizer to apply a generalized polarization measurement to one photon of a polarization entangled pair, we remotely prepare single photons in arbitrary polarization qubits. Specifically, we are able to produce a range of states of any desired degree of mixedness or purity, over (and within) the entire Poincare sphere, with a typical fidelity exceeding 99.5%. Moreover, by using non-degenerate entangled pairs as a resource, we can prepare states in multiple wavelengths. Finally, we discuss the states remotely preparable given a particular two-qubit resource state.
We demonstrate an experiment for remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization states. With local operations, polarization measurement, and one way classical communication, any states lying on and inside the Poincar\'e sphere can be remotely prepared. For arbitrary pure states, the efficiency is 100% with a communication cost of one entanglement bit and two classical bits. For mixed states, polarization insensitive measurement is introduced and the classical communication cost is one bit. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is employed as an entanglement source. The remotely prepared qubits are estimated via quantum tomography process and fidelity between the experimentally prepared state and the expected state is considered to test the data. We achieve remote preparation of 13 states with fidelities all above 0.994.
We present an experimentally feasible scheme to create single photons deterministically out of a non-deterministic spontaneous parametric downconversion source. We give an efficiency analysis of obtaining exactly one photon in the output. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a way to control the purity of an output photon using a partial measurement of a polarization-entangled photon pair, a partial implementation of remote state preparation. When combined, these two techniques could allow on-demand preparation of single photons in arbitrary states.
Remote state preparation and remote operation are entanglement assisted protocols in quantum information process, here we present a practical and general scheme of remote preparation for pure and mixed state, in which an auxiliary qubit and controlled-NOT gate are used. We give an experimental scheme of the quantum remote operation on single photons, where the unitary operation is restricted to the sets Ucom or Uanti. We discuss the remote state preparation (RSP) in two important types of decoherent channel (depolarizing and dephaseing). In our experiment, we realize RSP in the dephaseing channel by using spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), linear optical elements and single photon detector.
Quantum teleportation faces increasingly demanding requirements for transmitting large or even entangled systems. However, knowledge of the state to be transmitted eases its reconstruction, resulting in a protocol known as remote state preparation. A number of experimental demonstrations to date have been restricted to single-qubit systems. We report the remote preparation of two-qubit "hybrid" entangled states, including a family of vector-polarization beams. Our single-photon states are encoded in the photon spin and orbital angular momentum. We reconstruct the states by spin-orbit state tomography and transverse polarization tomography. The high fidelities achieved for the vector-polarization states opens the door to optimal coupling of down-converted photons to other physical systems, such as an atom, as required for scalable quantum networks, or plasmons in photonic nanostructures.