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Physical Review A

Experimental remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization states

Wei-Tao Liu, Wei Wu, Bao-Quan Ou, Ping‐Xing Chen, Cheng-Zu Li, Jianmin Yuan

Published Aug 9, 2007• 84 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an experiment for remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization states. With local operations, polarization measurement, and one way classical communication, any states lying on and inside the Poincar\'e sphere can be remotely prepared. For arbitrary pure states, the efficiency is 100% with a communication cost of one entanglement bit and two classical bits. For mixed states, polarization insensitive measurement is introduced and the classical communication cost is one bit. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is employed as an entanglement source. The remotely prepared qubits are estimated via quantum tomography process and fidelity between the experimentally prepared state and the expected state is considered to test the data. We achieve remote preparation of 13 states with fidelities all above 0.994.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.022308

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We demonstrate an experiment for remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization states. With local operations, polarization measurement, and one way classical communication, any states lying on and inside the Poincar'e sphere can be remotely prepared. For arbitrary pure states, the efficiency is 100% with a communication cost of one entanglement bit and two classical bits. For mixed states, polarization insensitive measurement is introduced and the classical communication cost is one bit. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is employed as an entanglement source. The remotely prepared qubits are estimated via quantum tomography process and fidelity between the experimentally prepared state and the expected state is considered to test the data. We achieve remote preparation of 13 states with fidelities all above 0.994.
We experimentally demonstrate a protocol of probabilistic remote state preparation by virtue of entanglement, local operation and forward classical communications. Arbitrary polarization qubit state can be remotely prepared with this protocol. For both pure states and mixed states, the average efficiency is no less than 50% and the classical information cost is 1 bit. All 18 remotely prepared states were estimated with quantum state tomography system. The fidelities are all above 0.99, with average fidelity being 0.9956.
By using a partial polarizer to apply a generalized polarization measurement to one photon of a polarization entangled pair, we remotely prepare single photons in arbitrary polarization qubits. Specifically, we are able to produce a range of states of any desired degree of mixedness or purity, over (and within) the entire Poincare sphere, with a typical fidelity exceeding 99.5%. Moreover, by using non-degenerate entangled pairs as a resource, we can prepare states in multiple wavelengths. Finally, we discuss the states remotely preparable given a particular two-qubit resource state.
We propose a deterministic remote state preparation scheme for photon polarization qubit states, where entanglement, local operations, and classical communication are used. By consuming one maximally entangled state and two classical bits, an arbitrary (either pure or mixed) qubit state can be prepared deterministically at a remote location. We experimentally demonstrate the scheme by remotely preparing 121212 pure states and 666 mixed states. The fidelities between the desired and achieved states are all higher than 0.990.990.99 and have an average of 0.99470.99470.9947.
Remote state preparation and remote operation are entanglement assisted protocols in quantum information process, here we present a practical and general scheme of remote preparation for pure and mixed state, in which an auxiliary qubit and controlled-NOT gate are used. We give an experimental scheme of the quantum remote operation on single photons, where the unitary operation is restricted to the sets Ucom or Uanti. We discuss the remote state preparation (RSP) in two important types of decoherent channel (depolarizing and dephaseing). In our experiment, we realize RSP in the dephaseing channel by using spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), linear optical elements and single photon detector.
Remote state preparation (RSP) is the act of preparing a quantum state at a remote location without actually transmitting the state itself. Using at most two classical bits and a single shared maximally entangled state, one can in theory remotely prepare any qubit state with certainty and with perfect fidelity. However, in any experimental implementation the average fidelity between the target and output states cannot be perfect. In order for an RSP experiment to demonstrate genuine quantum advantages, it must surpass the optimal threshold of a comparable classical protocol. Here we study the fidelity achievable by RSP protocols lacking shared entanglement and determine the optimal value for the average fidelity in several different cases. We implement an experimental scheme for deterministic remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization qubits, preparing 178178178 different pure and mixed qubit states with an average fidelity of 0.9950.9950.995. Our experimentally achieved average fidelities surpass our derived classical thresholds whenever the classical protocol does not trivially allow for perfect RSP.