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arXiv:quant-ph/0409100 · Physical Review Letters

Creating Single Time-Bin-Entangled Photon Pairs

Christoph Simon, J.-Ph. Poizat

Published Jan 27, 2005• 100 citations
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Abstract

When a single emitter is excited by two phase-coherent pulses with a time delay, each of the pulses can lead to the emission of a photon pair, thus creating a "time-bin-entangled" state. Double pair emission can be avoided by initially preparing the emitter in a metastable state. We show how photons from separate emissions can be made indistinguishable, permitting their use for multiphoton interference. Possible realizations are discussed. The method might also allow the direct creation of n-photon entangled states (n > 2).

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.94.030502

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When a single emitter is excited by two phase-coherent pulses with a time delay, each of the pulses can lead to the emission of a photon pair, thus creating a "time-bin-entangled" state. Double pair emission can be avoided by initially preparing the emitter in a metastable state. We show how photons from separate emissions can be made indistinguishable, permitting their use for multiphoton interference. Possible realizations are discussed. The method might also allow the direct creation of n-photon entangled states (n > 2).
We present a scheme to realize a deterministic solid state source of time-bin entangled photon pairs using cavity-assisted stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a single quantum dot. The quantum dot is embedded inside a semiconductor cavity, and the interaction of a coherent superposition of two temporally separated input pulses and the cavity mode leads to a two-photon Raman transition, which produces a time-bin entangled photon pair through the biexciton-exciton cascade. We show that the entanglement of the generated state can be measured using triple coincidence detection, and the degree of entanglement is quantified as the visibility of the interference. We also discuss the effect of pure dephasing on entanglement of the generated photon pair. Pronounced interference visibility values of greater than 1/21/\sqrt{2}1/2​ are demonstrated in triple coincidence measurement using experimentally achievable parameters, thus demonstrating that the generated photons are suitable for applications with Bell's inequality violation and quantum cryptography.
Temporal encodings of quantum information are prevalent in applications because of their suitability for long-distance quantum communication and their compatibility with optical fiber communication networks. Perhaps the simplest temporal encoding is time-bin encoding, i. e. in superpositions of two (or more) temporally separated optical pulses. Early attempts at generating time-bin entanglement from single quantum emitters was not able to avoid the problem of re-excitation or was converted probabilistically from polarization entangled photon pairs from a quantum dot. Direct generation requires a metastable level to carry the coherence and avoid double pair emission into the desired time bins. In order to use dark exciton states as metastable states we have worked on their efficient creation and coherent control in the presence of in-plane magnetic fields. Much of this is based on our recent work on advanced excitation schemes using chirped pulses. With chirped pulses we are now able to deterministically populate a dark exciton state and to transfer this population to the biexciton, which can then emit a photon pair.
The general concept of entangled photon holes is based on a correlated absence of photon pairs in an otherwise constant optical background. Here we consider the specialized case when this background is confined to two well-defined time bins, which allows the formation of time-bin-entangled photon holes. We show that when the typical coherent-state background is replaced by a true single-photon (Fock state) background, the basic time-bin-entangled photon-hole state becomes equivalent to one of the time-bin-entangled photon-pair states. We experimentally demonstrate these ideas using a parametric down-conversion photon-pair source, linear optics, and postselection to violate a Bell inequality with time-bin-entangled photon holes.
The Franson interferometer consists of two spatially separated unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers through which the signal and the idler photons from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are made to transmit. It is often used to prepare time-bin entanglement of two photons in the two SPDC pumping regimes: the narrowband regime and the double-pulse regime. In the narrowband regime, the SPDC process is pumped by a narrowband cw laser with the coherence length much longer than the path length difference of the Franson interferometer. In the double-pulse regime, the longitudinal separation between the pulse pair is made equal to the path length difference of the Franson interferometer. In this paper, we propose another regime by which the generation of time-bin entanglement is possible and demonstrate the scheme experimentally.