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arXiv:1208.4776 · Physical Review A

Time-bin-entangled photon holes

Junlin Liang, J. D. Franson, T. B. Pittman

Published Nov 28, 2012• 1 citation
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Abstract

The general concept of entangled photon holes is based on a correlated absence of photon pairs in an otherwise constant optical background. Here we consider the specialized case when this background is confined to two well-defined time bins, which allows the formation of time-bin-entangled photon holes. We show that when the typical coherent-state background is replaced by a true single-photon (Fock state) background, the basic time-bin-entangled photon-hole state becomes equivalent to one of the time-bin-entangled photon-pair states. We experimentally demonstrate these ideas using a parametric down-conversion photon-pair source, linear optics, and postselection to violate a Bell inequality with time-bin-entangled photon holes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.053831

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The general concept of entangled photon holes is based on a correlated absence of photon pairs in an otherwise constant optical background. Here we consider the specialized case when this background is confined to two well-defined time bins, which allows the formation of time-bin-entangled photon holes. We show that when the typical coherent-state background is replaced by a true single-photon (Fock state) background, the basic time-bin-entangled photon-hole state becomes equivalent to one of the time-bin-entangled photon-pair states. We experimentally demonstrate these ideas using a parametric down-conversion photon-pair source, linear optics, and postselection to violate a Bell inequality with time-bin-entangled photon holes.
Semiconductor Bragg-reflection waveguides are well-established sources of correlated photon pairs as well as promising candidates for building up integrated quantum optics devices. Here, we use such a source with optimized non-linearity for preparing time-bin entangled photons in the telecommunication wavelength range. By taking advantage of pulsed state preparation and efficient free-running single-photon detection, we drive our source at low pump powers, which results in a strong photon-pair correlation. The tomographic reconstruction of the state’s density matrix reveals that our source exhibits a high degree of entanglement. We extract a concurrence of 88.9(1.8)% and a fidelity of 94.2(9)% with respect to a Bell state.
Entanglement is an invaluable resource for fundamental tests of physics and the implementation of quantum information protocols such as device-independent secure communications. In particular, time-bin entanglement is widely exploited to reach these purposes both in free space and optical fiber propagation, due to the robustness and simplicity of its implementation. However, all existing realizations of time-bin entanglement suffer from an intrinsic postselection loophole, which undermines their usefulness. Here, we report the first experimental violation of Bell's inequality with "genuine" time-bin entanglement, free of the postselection loophole. We introduced a novel function of the interferometers at the two measurement stations, that operate as fast synchronized optical switches. This scheme allowed us to obtain a postselection-loophole-free Bell violation of more than 9 standard deviations. Since our scheme is fully implementable using standard fiber-based components and is compatible with modern integrated photonics, our results pave the way for the distribution of genuine time-bin entanglement over long distances.