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arXiv:quant-ph/0403220

Improving quantum dense key distribution

Z. J. Zhang, Zhong‐Xiao Man

Published Mar 30, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

The capacity of the quantum dense key distribution (QDKD) [Phys. Rev. A69, 032310 (2004)] is doubled by introducing the dense coding. The security of the improved QDKD against eavesdropping is pointed out to be easily proven. In both the original QDKD and the present improved QDKD, a strategy to double the efficiency of generating the secret key with given length is proposed. In addition, we point out a leak of security of the original QDKD and fix it.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0403220

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The capacity of the quantum dense key distribution (QDKD) [Phys. Rev. A69, 032310 (2004)] is doubled by introducing the dense coding. The security of the improved QDKD against eavesdropping is pointed out to be easily proven. In both the original QDKD and the present improved QDKD, a strategy to double the efficiency of generating the secret key with given length is proposed. In addition, we point out a leak of security of the original QDKD and fix it.
In order to improve the efficiency of key distribution,a quantum key distribution protocol based on W state and Bell state entanglement was proposed via quantum dense coding.In the scheme,the sender Alice codes the key successfully via local unitary operations,and the receiver Bob obtains the key with jointing measurement.All states can be used to transmit messages except those choosen for checking eavesdroppers,5 bits deterministic key were distributed by 5 particles.Security analysis result by using information theory shows that the scheme is secure,any eavesdroppers can be found in time.
In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic secure communications. In practice, however, it does not because most security proofs of QKD use assumptions that are not satisfied by the implementations, and thus their security is seriously threatened by quantum hacking. This includes, for instance, the assumption that the legitimate users of the system have a precise mathematical model to describe the behaviour of their apparatuses, that the systems are located in perfectly shielded labs which prevent any unwanted information to be leaked to the eavesdropper, and that all quantum devices and classical post-processing units are honest and follow the prescriptions of the protocol. Here, we review recent results that significantly relax these unrealistic and hardly feasible requirements, and pave the way towards achieving practical QKD with implementation security and enhanced performance.
In contrast to classical public-key cryptosystems, where the security of encoded messages relies on on computational assumptions, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key that, when combined with a one-time pad, provides information-theoretically secure encryption, provided that the QKD protocol is supported by a rigorous security proof. In the last decades, security proofs robust against a wide range of eavesdropping strategies have established the theoretical soundness of several QKD protocols. However, most proofs are based on idealized models of the physical systems involved in such protocols and often include assumptions that are not satisfied in practical implementations. This mismatch creates a gap between theoretical security guarantees and actual experimental realizations, making QKD protocols vulnerable to attacks. To ensure the security of real-world QKD systems, it is therefore essential to account for imperfections in security analyses. In this article, we present an overview of recent analytical and numerical developments in QKD security proofs, which provide a versatile approach for incorporating imperfections and re-establishing the security of quantum communication protocols under realistic conditions.